1 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
331a2596fa Add Claude skills for React best practices and web design
- react-best-practices: Performance optimization patterns (client-side only)
- web-design-guidelines: UI review against Web Interface Guidelines

Co-authored-by: Ona <no-reply@ona.com>
2026-01-17 11:53:08 +00:00
49 changed files with 2761 additions and 622 deletions

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# React Best Practices
**Version 1.0.0**
> **Note:**
> This document is for agents and LLMs to follow when maintaining,
> generating, or refactoring React codebases. Humans may also find it useful.
---
## Abstract
Performance optimization guide for React applications, designed for AI agents and LLMs. Contains rules across 7 categories, prioritized by impact from critical (eliminating waterfalls, reducing bundle size) to incremental (advanced patterns).
---
## Table of Contents
1. [Eliminating Waterfalls](#1-eliminating-waterfalls) — **CRITICAL**
2. [Bundle Size Optimization](#2-bundle-size-optimization) — **CRITICAL**
3. [Client-Side Data Fetching](#3-client-side-data-fetching) — **MEDIUM-HIGH**
4. [Re-render Optimization](#4-re-render-optimization) — **MEDIUM**
5. [Rendering Performance](#5-rendering-performance) — **MEDIUM**
6. [JavaScript Performance](#6-javascript-performance) — **LOW-MEDIUM**
7. [Advanced Patterns](#7-advanced-patterns) — **LOW**
---
## 1. Eliminating Waterfalls
**Impact: CRITICAL**
Waterfalls are the #1 performance killer. Each sequential await adds full network latency.
### 1.1 Defer Await Until Needed
**Impact: HIGH (avoids blocking unused code paths)**
Move `await` operations into the branches where they're actually used.
**Incorrect: blocks both branches**
```typescript
async function handleRequest(userId: string, skipProcessing: boolean) {
const userData = await fetchUserData(userId)
if (skipProcessing) {
return { skipped: true }
}
return processUserData(userData)
}
```
**Correct: only blocks when needed**
```typescript
async function handleRequest(userId: string, skipProcessing: boolean) {
if (skipProcessing) {
return { skipped: true }
}
const userData = await fetchUserData(userId)
return processUserData(userData)
}
```
### 1.2 Dependency-Based Parallelization
**Impact: CRITICAL (2-10× improvement)**
For operations with partial dependencies, use `better-all` to maximize parallelism.
**Incorrect: profile waits for config unnecessarily**
```typescript
const [user, config] = await Promise.all([
fetchUser(),
fetchConfig()
])
const profile = await fetchProfile(user.id)
```
**Correct: config and profile run in parallel**
```typescript
import { all } from 'better-all'
const { user, config, profile } = await all({
async user() { return fetchUser() },
async config() { return fetchConfig() },
async profile() {
return fetchProfile((await this.$.user).id)
}
})
```
### 1.3 Promise.all() for Independent Operations
**Impact: CRITICAL (2-10× improvement)**
When async operations have no interdependencies, execute them concurrently.
**Incorrect: sequential execution, 3 round trips**
```typescript
const user = await fetchUser()
const posts = await fetchPosts()
const comments = await fetchComments()
```
**Correct: parallel execution, 1 round trip**
```typescript
const [user, posts, comments] = await Promise.all([
fetchUser(),
fetchPosts(),
fetchComments()
])
```
---
## 2. Bundle Size Optimization
**Impact: CRITICAL**
Reducing initial bundle size improves Time to Interactive and Largest Contentful Paint.
### 2.1 Avoid Barrel File Imports
**Impact: CRITICAL (200-800ms import cost, slow builds)**
Import directly from source files instead of barrel files.
**Incorrect: imports entire library**
```tsx
import { Check, X, Menu } from 'lucide-react'
// Loads 1,583 modules
```
**Correct: imports only what you need**
```tsx
import Check from 'lucide-react/dist/esm/icons/check'
import X from 'lucide-react/dist/esm/icons/x'
import Menu from 'lucide-react/dist/esm/icons/menu'
// Loads only 3 modules
```
Libraries commonly affected: `lucide-react`, `@mui/material`, `@mui/icons-material`, `@tabler/icons-react`, `react-icons`, `@headlessui/react`, `@radix-ui/react-*`, `lodash`, `ramda`, `date-fns`, `rxjs`, `react-use`.
### 2.2 Conditional Module Loading
**Impact: HIGH (loads large data only when needed)**
Load large data or modules only when a feature is activated.
```tsx
function AnimationPlayer({ enabled, setEnabled }) {
const [frames, setFrames] = useState(null)
useEffect(() => {
if (enabled && !frames) {
import('./animation-frames.js')
.then(mod => setFrames(mod.frames))
.catch(() => setEnabled(false))
}
}, [enabled, frames, setEnabled])
if (!frames) return <Skeleton />
return <Canvas frames={frames} />
}
```
### 2.3 Preload Based on User Intent
**Impact: MEDIUM (reduces perceived latency)**
Preload heavy bundles before they're needed.
```tsx
function EditorButton({ onClick }) {
const preload = () => {
void import('./monaco-editor')
}
return (
<button
onMouseEnter={preload}
onFocus={preload}
onClick={onClick}
>
Open Editor
</button>
)
}
```
---
## 3. Client-Side Data Fetching
**Impact: MEDIUM-HIGH**
### 3.1 Deduplicate Global Event Listeners
**Impact: MEDIUM (prevents memory leaks and duplicate handlers)**
Use a singleton pattern for global event listeners.
**Incorrect: multiple listeners**
```tsx
function useWindowResize(callback) {
useEffect(() => {
window.addEventListener('resize', callback)
return () => window.removeEventListener('resize', callback)
}, [callback])
}
```
**Correct: shared listener**
```tsx
const listeners = new Set()
let isListening = false
function useWindowResize(callback) {
useEffect(() => {
listeners.add(callback)
if (!isListening) {
isListening = true
window.addEventListener('resize', (e) => {
listeners.forEach(fn => fn(e))
})
}
return () => listeners.delete(callback)
}, [callback])
}
```
### 3.2 Use Passive Event Listeners
**Impact: MEDIUM (improves scroll performance)**
Use passive listeners for scroll and touch events.
```tsx
useEffect(() => {
const handler = (e) => { /* handle scroll */ }
window.addEventListener('scroll', handler, { passive: true })
return () => window.removeEventListener('scroll', handler)
}, [])
```
### 3.3 Use SWR for Automatic Deduplication
**Impact: HIGH (eliminates duplicate requests)**
SWR automatically deduplicates requests to the same key.
```tsx
import useSWR from 'swr'
function UserProfile({ userId }) {
const { data } = useSWR(`/api/users/${userId}`, fetcher)
return <div>{data?.name}</div>
}
// Multiple components using the same key = single request
```
### 3.4 Version and Minimize localStorage Data
**Impact: MEDIUM (prevents data corruption)**
Use schema versioning for localStorage.
```typescript
const STORAGE_VERSION = 2
interface StoredData {
version: number
data: UserPreferences
}
function loadPreferences(): UserPreferences {
const raw = localStorage.getItem('prefs')
if (!raw) return defaultPreferences
const stored: StoredData = JSON.parse(raw)
if (stored.version !== STORAGE_VERSION) {
return migrate(stored)
}
return stored.data
}
```
---
## 4. Re-render Optimization
**Impact: MEDIUM**
### 4.1 Defer State Reads to Usage Point
**Impact: MEDIUM (avoids unnecessary re-renders)**
Don't subscribe to state that's only used in callbacks.
**Incorrect: re-renders on every count change**
```tsx
function Counter() {
const count = useStore(state => state.count)
const increment = useStore(state => state.increment)
return <button onClick={() => increment()}>+</button>
}
```
**Correct: no re-renders from count changes**
```tsx
function Counter() {
const increment = useStore(state => state.increment)
return <button onClick={() => increment()}>+</button>
}
```
### 4.2 Extract to Memoized Components
**Impact: MEDIUM (isolates expensive renders)**
Extract expensive computations into memoized child components.
```tsx
const ExpensiveList = memo(function ExpensiveList({ items }) {
return items.map(item => <ExpensiveItem key={item.id} item={item} />)
})
function Parent() {
const [filter, setFilter] = useState('')
const items = useItems()
return (
<>
<input value={filter} onChange={e => setFilter(e.target.value)} />
<ExpensiveList items={items} />
</>
)
}
```
### 4.3 Narrow Effect Dependencies
**Impact: MEDIUM (reduces effect runs)**
Use primitive dependencies instead of objects.
**Incorrect: runs on every render**
```tsx
useEffect(() => {
fetchData(options)
}, [options]) // Object reference changes every render
```
**Correct: runs only when values change**
```tsx
useEffect(() => {
fetchData({ page, limit })
}, [page, limit])
```
### 4.4 Subscribe to Derived State
**Impact: MEDIUM (reduces re-renders)**
Subscribe to derived booleans instead of raw values.
**Incorrect: re-renders on every count change**
```tsx
function Badge() {
const count = useStore(state => state.notifications.length)
return count > 0 ? <span>New</span> : null
}
```
**Correct: re-renders only when visibility changes**
```tsx
function Badge() {
const hasNotifications = useStore(state => state.notifications.length > 0)
return hasNotifications ? <span>New</span> : null
}
```
### 4.5 Use Functional setState Updates
**Impact: MEDIUM (stable callback references)**
Use functional updates to avoid dependency on current state.
```tsx
// Incorrect: callback changes when count changes
const increment = useCallback(() => {
setCount(count + 1)
}, [count])
// Correct: stable callback reference
const increment = useCallback(() => {
setCount(c => c + 1)
}, [])
```
### 4.6 Use Lazy State Initialization
**Impact: LOW-MEDIUM (avoids expensive initial computation)**
Pass a function to useState for expensive initial values.
```tsx
// Incorrect: parses on every render
const [data, setData] = useState(JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('data')))
// Correct: parses only once
const [data, setData] = useState(() => JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('data')))
```
### 4.7 Use Transitions for Non-Urgent Updates
**Impact: MEDIUM (keeps UI responsive)**
Use startTransition for updates that can be deferred.
```tsx
import { startTransition } from 'react'
function SearchResults() {
const [query, setQuery] = useState('')
const [results, setResults] = useState([])
const handleChange = (e) => {
setQuery(e.target.value) // Urgent: update input immediately
startTransition(() => {
setResults(search(e.target.value)) // Non-urgent: can be interrupted
})
}
return (
<>
<input value={query} onChange={handleChange} />
<ResultsList results={results} />
</>
)
}
```
---
## 5. Rendering Performance
**Impact: MEDIUM**
### 5.1 Animate SVG Wrapper Instead of SVG Element
**Impact: MEDIUM (avoids SVG re-parsing)**
Wrap SVGs in a div and animate the wrapper.
```tsx
// Incorrect: triggers SVG re-parsing
<motion.svg animate={{ scale: 1.2 }}>...</motion.svg>
// Correct: animates wrapper only
<motion.div animate={{ scale: 1.2 }}>
<svg>...</svg>
</motion.div>
```
### 5.2 CSS content-visibility for Long Lists
**Impact: HIGH (skips off-screen rendering)**
Use content-visibility to skip rendering off-screen items.
```css
.list-item {
content-visibility: auto;
contain-intrinsic-size: 0 50px;
}
```
### 5.3 Hoist Static JSX Elements
**Impact: LOW-MEDIUM (avoids recreation)**
Extract static JSX outside components.
```tsx
const staticIcon = <Icon name="check" />
function ListItem({ label }) {
return (
<div>
{staticIcon}
<span>{label}</span>
</div>
)
}
```
### 5.4 Optimize SVG Precision
**Impact: LOW (reduces SVG size)**
Reduce coordinate precision in SVGs.
```tsx
// Before: 847 bytes
<path d="M12.7071067811865 5.29289321881345..." />
// After: 324 bytes
<path d="M12.71 5.29..." />
```
### 5.5 Use Explicit Conditional Rendering
**Impact: LOW (prevents rendering bugs)**
Use ternary instead of && for conditionals.
```tsx
// Incorrect: renders "0" when count is 0
{count && <Badge count={count} />}
// Correct: renders nothing when count is 0
{count > 0 ? <Badge count={count} /> : null}
```
---
## 6. JavaScript Performance
**Impact: LOW-MEDIUM**
### 6.1 Batch DOM CSS Changes
**Impact: MEDIUM (reduces reflows)**
Group CSS changes via classes or cssText.
```typescript
// Incorrect: 3 reflows
element.style.width = '100px'
element.style.height = '100px'
element.style.margin = '10px'
// Correct: 1 reflow
element.style.cssText = 'width: 100px; height: 100px; margin: 10px;'
```
### 6.2 Build Index Maps for Repeated Lookups
**Impact: HIGH for large datasets**
Build a Map for O(1) lookups instead of O(n) array searches.
```typescript
// Incorrect: O(n) for each lookup
users.find(u => u.id === targetId)
// Correct: O(1) lookup
const userMap = new Map(users.map(u => [u.id, u]))
userMap.get(targetId)
```
### 6.3 Cache Property Access in Loops
**Impact: LOW-MEDIUM**
Cache object properties accessed in loops.
```typescript
// Incorrect
for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
process(items[i])
}
// Correct
const len = items.length
for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
process(items[i])
}
```
### 6.4 Cache Repeated Function Calls
**Impact: MEDIUM**
Cache expensive function results.
```typescript
const cache = new Map()
function expensiveComputation(input) {
if (cache.has(input)) return cache.get(input)
const result = /* expensive work */
cache.set(input, result)
return result
}
```
### 6.5 Cache Storage API Calls
**Impact: MEDIUM**
Cache localStorage/sessionStorage reads.
```typescript
let cachedTheme = null
function getTheme() {
if (cachedTheme === null) {
cachedTheme = localStorage.getItem('theme') || 'light'
}
return cachedTheme
}
```
### 6.6 Combine Multiple Array Iterations
**Impact: LOW-MEDIUM**
Combine filter/map into a single loop.
```typescript
// Incorrect: 2 iterations
const result = items
.filter(item => item.active)
.map(item => item.value)
// Correct: 1 iteration
const result = []
for (const item of items) {
if (item.active) result.push(item.value)
}
```
### 6.7 Early Length Check for Array Comparisons
**Impact: LOW**
Check array length before expensive comparisons.
```typescript
function arraysEqual(a, b) {
if (a.length !== b.length) return false
return a.every((val, i) => val === b[i])
}
```
### 6.8 Early Return from Functions
**Impact: LOW**
Return early to avoid unnecessary work.
```typescript
function processUser(user) {
if (!user) return null
if (!user.active) return null
// Process active user
}
```
### 6.9 Hoist RegExp Creation
**Impact: LOW-MEDIUM**
Create RegExp outside loops.
```typescript
// Incorrect: creates regex on each iteration
items.forEach(item => {
if (/pattern/.test(item)) { /* ... */ }
})
// Correct: reuses regex
const pattern = /pattern/
items.forEach(item => {
if (pattern.test(item)) { /* ... */ }
})
```
### 6.10 Use Loop for Min/Max Instead of Sort
**Impact: MEDIUM for large arrays**
Use a loop instead of sorting to find min/max.
```typescript
// Incorrect: O(n log n)
const max = items.sort((a, b) => b - a)[0]
// Correct: O(n)
const max = Math.max(...items)
// Or for very large arrays:
let max = items[0]
for (let i = 1; i < items.length; i++) {
if (items[i] > max) max = items[i]
}
```
### 6.11 Use Set/Map for O(1) Lookups
**Impact: HIGH for repeated lookups**
Use Set for membership checks, Map for key-value lookups.
```typescript
// Incorrect: O(n)
const isValid = validIds.includes(id)
// Correct: O(1)
const validIdSet = new Set(validIds)
const isValid = validIdSet.has(id)
```
### 6.12 Use toSorted() for Immutability
**Impact: LOW**
Use toSorted() instead of sort() to avoid mutation.
```typescript
// Mutates original
const sorted = items.sort((a, b) => a - b)
// Returns new array
const sorted = items.toSorted((a, b) => a - b)
```
---
## 7. Advanced Patterns
**Impact: LOW**
### 7.1 Store Event Handlers in Refs
**Impact: LOW (avoids effect re-runs)**
Store handlers in refs to avoid effect dependencies.
```tsx
function useEventListener(event, handler) {
const handlerRef = useRef(handler)
handlerRef.current = handler
useEffect(() => {
const listener = (e) => handlerRef.current(e)
window.addEventListener(event, listener)
return () => window.removeEventListener(event, listener)
}, [event]) // handler not in deps
}
```
### 7.2 useLatest for Stable Callback Refs
**Impact: LOW**
Create a useLatest hook for stable references.
```tsx
function useLatest(value) {
const ref = useRef(value)
ref.current = value
return ref
}
function useInterval(callback, delay) {
const callbackRef = useLatest(callback)
useEffect(() => {
const id = setInterval(() => callbackRef.current(), delay)
return () => clearInterval(id)
}, [delay])
}
```
---
## References
1. [https://github.com/shuding/better-all](https://github.com/shuding/better-all)
2. [https://vercel.com/blog/how-we-optimized-package-imports-in-next-js](https://vercel.com/blog/how-we-optimized-package-imports-in-next-js)

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---
name: react-best-practices
description: React performance optimization guidelines. Use when writing, reviewing, or refactoring React code to ensure optimal performance patterns. Triggers on tasks involving React components, data fetching, bundle optimization, or performance improvements.
license: MIT
metadata:
author: vercel
version: "1.0.0"
---
# React Best Practices
Performance optimization guide for React applications. Contains rules across 6 categories, prioritized by impact.
## When to Apply
Reference these guidelines when:
- Writing new React components
- Implementing data fetching
- Reviewing code for performance issues
- Refactoring existing React code
- Optimizing bundle size or load times
## Rule Categories by Priority
| Priority | Category | Impact | Prefix |
|----------|----------|--------|--------|
| 1 | Eliminating Waterfalls | CRITICAL | `async-` |
| 2 | Bundle Size Optimization | CRITICAL | `bundle-` |
| 3 | Client-Side Data Fetching | MEDIUM-HIGH | `client-` |
| 4 | Re-render Optimization | MEDIUM | `rerender-` |
| 5 | Rendering Performance | MEDIUM | `rendering-` |
| 6 | JavaScript Performance | LOW-MEDIUM | `js-` |
| 7 | Advanced Patterns | LOW | `advanced-` |
## Quick Reference
### 1. Eliminating Waterfalls (CRITICAL)
- `async-defer-await` - Move await into branches where actually used
- `async-parallel` - Use Promise.all() for independent operations
- `async-dependencies` - Use better-all for partial dependencies
### 2. Bundle Size Optimization (CRITICAL)
- `bundle-barrel-imports` - Import directly, avoid barrel files
- `bundle-conditional` - Load modules only when feature is activated
- `bundle-preload` - Preload on hover/focus for perceived speed
### 3. Client-Side Data Fetching (MEDIUM-HIGH)
- `client-swr-dedup` - Use SWR for automatic request deduplication
- `client-event-listeners` - Deduplicate global event listeners
- `client-localstorage-schema` - Schema validation for localStorage
- `client-passive-event-listeners` - Use passive listeners for scroll/touch
### 4. Re-render Optimization (MEDIUM)
- `rerender-defer-reads` - Don't subscribe to state only used in callbacks
- `rerender-memo` - Extract expensive work into memoized components
- `rerender-dependencies` - Use primitive dependencies in effects
- `rerender-derived-state` - Subscribe to derived booleans, not raw values
- `rerender-functional-setstate` - Use functional setState for stable callbacks
- `rerender-lazy-state-init` - Pass function to useState for expensive values
- `rerender-transitions` - Use startTransition for non-urgent updates
### 5. Rendering Performance (MEDIUM)
- `rendering-animate-svg-wrapper` - Animate div wrapper, not SVG element
- `rendering-content-visibility` - Use content-visibility for long lists
- `rendering-hoist-jsx` - Extract static JSX outside components
- `rendering-svg-precision` - Reduce SVG coordinate precision
- `rendering-conditional-render` - Use ternary, not && for conditionals
### 6. JavaScript Performance (LOW-MEDIUM)
- `js-batch-dom-css` - Group CSS changes via classes or cssText
- `js-index-maps` - Build Map for repeated lookups
- `js-cache-property-access` - Cache object properties in loops
- `js-cache-function-results` - Cache function results in module-level Map
- `js-cache-storage` - Cache localStorage/sessionStorage reads
- `js-combine-iterations` - Combine multiple filter/map into one loop
- `js-length-check-first` - Check array length before expensive comparison
- `js-early-exit` - Return early from functions
- `js-hoist-regexp` - Hoist RegExp creation outside loops
- `js-min-max-loop` - Use loop for min/max instead of sort
- `js-set-map-lookups` - Use Set/Map for O(1) lookups
- `js-tosorted-immutable` - Use toSorted() for immutability
### 7. Advanced Patterns (LOW)
- `advanced-event-handler-refs` - Store event handlers in refs
- `advanced-use-latest` - useLatest for stable callback refs
## How to Use
Read individual rule files for detailed explanations and code examples:
```
rules/async-parallel.md
rules/bundle-barrel-imports.md
```
Each rule file contains:
- Brief explanation of why it matters
- Incorrect code example with explanation
- Correct code example with explanation
- Additional context and references
## Full Compiled Document
For the complete guide with all rules expanded: `AGENTS.md`

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---
title: Store Event Handlers in Refs
impact: LOW
impactDescription: stable subscriptions
tags: advanced, hooks, refs, event-handlers, optimization
---
## Store Event Handlers in Refs
Store callbacks in refs when used in effects that shouldn't re-subscribe on callback changes.
**Incorrect (re-subscribes on every render):**
```tsx
function useWindowEvent(event: string, handler: () => void) {
useEffect(() => {
window.addEventListener(event, handler)
return () => window.removeEventListener(event, handler)
}, [event, handler])
}
```
**Correct (stable subscription):**
```tsx
function useWindowEvent(event: string, handler: () => void) {
const handlerRef = useRef(handler)
useEffect(() => {
handlerRef.current = handler
}, [handler])
useEffect(() => {
const listener = () => handlerRef.current()
window.addEventListener(event, listener)
return () => window.removeEventListener(event, listener)
}, [event])
}
```
**Alternative: use `useEffectEvent` if you're on latest React:**
```tsx
import { useEffectEvent } from 'react'
function useWindowEvent(event: string, handler: () => void) {
const onEvent = useEffectEvent(handler)
useEffect(() => {
window.addEventListener(event, onEvent)
return () => window.removeEventListener(event, onEvent)
}, [event])
}
```
`useEffectEvent` provides a cleaner API for the same pattern: it creates a stable function reference that always calls the latest version of the handler.

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---
title: useLatest for Stable Callback Refs
impact: LOW
impactDescription: prevents effect re-runs
tags: advanced, hooks, useLatest, refs, optimization
---
## useLatest for Stable Callback Refs
Access latest values in callbacks without adding them to dependency arrays. Prevents effect re-runs while avoiding stale closures.
**Implementation:**
```typescript
function useLatest<T>(value: T) {
const ref = useRef(value)
useEffect(() => {
ref.current = value
}, [value])
return ref
}
```
**Incorrect (effect re-runs on every callback change):**
```tsx
function SearchInput({ onSearch }: { onSearch: (q: string) => void }) {
const [query, setQuery] = useState('')
useEffect(() => {
const timeout = setTimeout(() => onSearch(query), 300)
return () => clearTimeout(timeout)
}, [query, onSearch])
}
```
**Correct (stable effect, fresh callback):**
```tsx
function SearchInput({ onSearch }: { onSearch: (q: string) => void }) {
const [query, setQuery] = useState('')
const onSearchRef = useLatest(onSearch)
useEffect(() => {
const timeout = setTimeout(() => onSearchRef.current(query), 300)
return () => clearTimeout(timeout)
}, [query])
}
```

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---
title: Defer Await Until Needed
impact: HIGH
impactDescription: avoids blocking unused code paths
tags: async, await, conditional, optimization
---
## Defer Await Until Needed
Move `await` operations into the branches where they're actually used to avoid blocking code paths that don't need them.
**Incorrect (blocks both branches):**
```typescript
async function handleRequest(userId: string, skipProcessing: boolean) {
const userData = await fetchUserData(userId)
if (skipProcessing) {
// Returns immediately but still waited for userData
return { skipped: true }
}
// Only this branch uses userData
return processUserData(userData)
}
```
**Correct (only blocks when needed):**
```typescript
async function handleRequest(userId: string, skipProcessing: boolean) {
if (skipProcessing) {
// Returns immediately without waiting
return { skipped: true }
}
// Fetch only when needed
const userData = await fetchUserData(userId)
return processUserData(userData)
}
```
**Another example (early return optimization):**
```typescript
// Incorrect: always fetches permissions
async function updateResource(resourceId: string, userId: string) {
const permissions = await fetchPermissions(userId)
const resource = await getResource(resourceId)
if (!resource) {
return { error: 'Not found' }
}
if (!permissions.canEdit) {
return { error: 'Forbidden' }
}
return await updateResourceData(resource, permissions)
}
// Correct: fetches only when needed
async function updateResource(resourceId: string, userId: string) {
const resource = await getResource(resourceId)
if (!resource) {
return { error: 'Not found' }
}
const permissions = await fetchPermissions(userId)
if (!permissions.canEdit) {
return { error: 'Forbidden' }
}
return await updateResourceData(resource, permissions)
}
```
This optimization is especially valuable when the skipped branch is frequently taken, or when the deferred operation is expensive.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
---
title: Dependency-Based Parallelization
impact: CRITICAL
impactDescription: 2-10× improvement
tags: async, parallelization, dependencies, better-all
---
## Dependency-Based Parallelization
For operations with partial dependencies, use `better-all` to maximize parallelism. It automatically starts each task at the earliest possible moment.
**Incorrect (profile waits for config unnecessarily):**
```typescript
const [user, config] = await Promise.all([
fetchUser(),
fetchConfig()
])
const profile = await fetchProfile(user.id)
```
**Correct (config and profile run in parallel):**
```typescript
import { all } from 'better-all'
const { user, config, profile } = await all({
async user() { return fetchUser() },
async config() { return fetchConfig() },
async profile() {
return fetchProfile((await this.$.user).id)
}
})
```
Reference: [https://github.com/shuding/better-all](https://github.com/shuding/better-all)

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
---
title: Promise.all() for Independent Operations
impact: CRITICAL
impactDescription: 2-10× improvement
tags: async, parallelization, promises, waterfalls
---
## Promise.all() for Independent Operations
When async operations have no interdependencies, execute them concurrently using `Promise.all()`.
**Incorrect (sequential execution, 3 round trips):**
```typescript
const user = await fetchUser()
const posts = await fetchPosts()
const comments = await fetchComments()
```
**Correct (parallel execution, 1 round trip):**
```typescript
const [user, posts, comments] = await Promise.all([
fetchUser(),
fetchPosts(),
fetchComments()
])
```

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
---
title: Avoid Barrel File Imports
impact: CRITICAL
impactDescription: 200-800ms import cost, slow builds
tags: bundle, imports, tree-shaking, barrel-files, performance
---
## Avoid Barrel File Imports
Import directly from source files instead of barrel files to avoid loading thousands of unused modules. **Barrel files** are entry points that re-export multiple modules (e.g., `index.js` that does `export * from './module'`).
Popular icon and component libraries can have **up to 10,000 re-exports** in their entry file. For many React packages, **it takes 200-800ms just to import them**, affecting both development speed and production cold starts.
**Why tree-shaking doesn't help:** When a library is marked as external (not bundled), the bundler can't optimize it. If you bundle it to enable tree-shaking, builds become substantially slower analyzing the entire module graph.
**Incorrect (imports entire library):**
```tsx
import { Check, X, Menu } from 'lucide-react'
// Loads 1,583 modules, takes ~2.8s extra in dev
// Runtime cost: 200-800ms on every cold start
import { Button, TextField } from '@mui/material'
// Loads 2,225 modules, takes ~4.2s extra in dev
```
**Correct (imports only what you need):**
```tsx
import Check from 'lucide-react/dist/esm/icons/check'
import X from 'lucide-react/dist/esm/icons/x'
import Menu from 'lucide-react/dist/esm/icons/menu'
// Loads only 3 modules (~2KB vs ~1MB)
import Button from '@mui/material/Button'
import TextField from '@mui/material/TextField'
// Loads only what you use
```
**Alternative (Next.js 13.5+):**
```js
// next.config.js - use optimizePackageImports
module.exports = {
experimental: {
optimizePackageImports: ['lucide-react', '@mui/material']
}
}
// Then you can keep the ergonomic barrel imports:
import { Check, X, Menu } from 'lucide-react'
// Automatically transformed to direct imports at build time
```
Direct imports provide 15-70% faster dev boot, 28% faster builds, 40% faster cold starts, and significantly faster HMR.
Libraries commonly affected: `lucide-react`, `@mui/material`, `@mui/icons-material`, `@tabler/icons-react`, `react-icons`, `@headlessui/react`, `@radix-ui/react-*`, `lodash`, `ramda`, `date-fns`, `rxjs`, `react-use`.
Reference: [How we optimized package imports in Next.js](https://vercel.com/blog/how-we-optimized-package-imports-in-next-js)

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
---
title: Conditional Module Loading
impact: HIGH
impactDescription: loads large data only when needed
tags: bundle, conditional-loading, lazy-loading
---
## Conditional Module Loading
Load large data or modules only when a feature is activated.
**Example (lazy-load animation frames):**
```tsx
function AnimationPlayer({ enabled, setEnabled }: { enabled: boolean; setEnabled: React.Dispatch<React.SetStateAction<boolean>> }) {
const [frames, setFrames] = useState<Frame[] | null>(null)
useEffect(() => {
if (enabled && !frames && typeof window !== 'undefined') {
import('./animation-frames.js')
.then(mod => setFrames(mod.frames))
.catch(() => setEnabled(false))
}
}, [enabled, frames, setEnabled])
if (!frames) return <Skeleton />
return <Canvas frames={frames} />
}
```
The `typeof window !== 'undefined'` check prevents bundling this module for SSR, optimizing server bundle size and build speed.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
---
title: Preload Based on User Intent
impact: MEDIUM
impactDescription: reduces perceived latency
tags: bundle, preload, user-intent, hover
---
## Preload Based on User Intent
Preload heavy bundles before they're needed to reduce perceived latency.
**Example (preload on hover/focus):**
```tsx
function EditorButton({ onClick }: { onClick: () => void }) {
const preload = () => {
if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
void import('./monaco-editor')
}
}
return (
<button
onMouseEnter={preload}
onFocus={preload}
onClick={onClick}
>
Open Editor
</button>
)
}
```
**Example (preload when feature flag is enabled):**
```tsx
function FlagsProvider({ children, flags }: Props) {
useEffect(() => {
if (flags.editorEnabled && typeof window !== 'undefined') {
void import('./monaco-editor').then(mod => mod.init())
}
}, [flags.editorEnabled])
return <FlagsContext.Provider value={flags}>
{children}
</FlagsContext.Provider>
}
```
The `typeof window !== 'undefined'` check prevents bundling preloaded modules for SSR, optimizing server bundle size and build speed.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
---
title: Deduplicate Global Event Listeners
impact: LOW
impactDescription: single listener for N components
tags: client, swr, event-listeners, subscription
---
## Deduplicate Global Event Listeners
Use `useSWRSubscription()` to share global event listeners across component instances.
**Incorrect (N instances = N listeners):**
```tsx
function useKeyboardShortcut(key: string, callback: () => void) {
useEffect(() => {
const handler = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
if (e.metaKey && e.key === key) {
callback()
}
}
window.addEventListener('keydown', handler)
return () => window.removeEventListener('keydown', handler)
}, [key, callback])
}
```
When using the `useKeyboardShortcut` hook multiple times, each instance will register a new listener.
**Correct (N instances = 1 listener):**
```tsx
import useSWRSubscription from 'swr/subscription'
// Module-level Map to track callbacks per key
const keyCallbacks = new Map<string, Set<() => void>>()
function useKeyboardShortcut(key: string, callback: () => void) {
// Register this callback in the Map
useEffect(() => {
if (!keyCallbacks.has(key)) {
keyCallbacks.set(key, new Set())
}
keyCallbacks.get(key)!.add(callback)
return () => {
const set = keyCallbacks.get(key)
if (set) {
set.delete(callback)
if (set.size === 0) {
keyCallbacks.delete(key)
}
}
}
}, [key, callback])
useSWRSubscription('global-keydown', () => {
const handler = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
if (e.metaKey && keyCallbacks.has(e.key)) {
keyCallbacks.get(e.key)!.forEach(cb => cb())
}
}
window.addEventListener('keydown', handler)
return () => window.removeEventListener('keydown', handler)
})
}
function Profile() {
// Multiple shortcuts will share the same listener
useKeyboardShortcut('p', () => { /* ... */ })
useKeyboardShortcut('k', () => { /* ... */ })
// ...
}
```

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
---
title: Version and Minimize localStorage Data
impact: MEDIUM
impactDescription: prevents schema conflicts, reduces storage size
tags: client, localStorage, storage, versioning, data-minimization
---
## Version and Minimize localStorage Data
Add version prefix to keys and store only needed fields. Prevents schema conflicts and accidental storage of sensitive data.
**Incorrect:**
```typescript
// No version, stores everything, no error handling
localStorage.setItem('userConfig', JSON.stringify(fullUserObject))
const data = localStorage.getItem('userConfig')
```
**Correct:**
```typescript
const VERSION = 'v2'
function saveConfig(config: { theme: string; language: string }) {
try {
localStorage.setItem(`userConfig:${VERSION}`, JSON.stringify(config))
} catch {
// Throws in incognito/private browsing, quota exceeded, or disabled
}
}
function loadConfig() {
try {
const data = localStorage.getItem(`userConfig:${VERSION}`)
return data ? JSON.parse(data) : null
} catch {
return null
}
}
// Migration from v1 to v2
function migrate() {
try {
const v1 = localStorage.getItem('userConfig:v1')
if (v1) {
const old = JSON.parse(v1)
saveConfig({ theme: old.darkMode ? 'dark' : 'light', language: old.lang })
localStorage.removeItem('userConfig:v1')
}
} catch {}
}
```
**Store minimal fields from server responses:**
```typescript
// User object has 20+ fields, only store what UI needs
function cachePrefs(user: FullUser) {
try {
localStorage.setItem('prefs:v1', JSON.stringify({
theme: user.preferences.theme,
notifications: user.preferences.notifications
}))
} catch {}
}
```
**Always wrap in try-catch:** `getItem()` and `setItem()` throw in incognito/private browsing (Safari, Firefox), when quota exceeded, or when disabled.
**Benefits:** Schema evolution via versioning, reduced storage size, prevents storing tokens/PII/internal flags.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
---
title: Use Passive Event Listeners for Scrolling Performance
impact: MEDIUM
impactDescription: eliminates scroll delay caused by event listeners
tags: client, event-listeners, scrolling, performance, touch, wheel
---
## Use Passive Event Listeners for Scrolling Performance
Add `{ passive: true }` to touch and wheel event listeners to enable immediate scrolling. Browsers normally wait for listeners to finish to check if `preventDefault()` is called, causing scroll delay.
**Incorrect:**
```typescript
useEffect(() => {
const handleTouch = (e: TouchEvent) => console.log(e.touches[0].clientX)
const handleWheel = (e: WheelEvent) => console.log(e.deltaY)
document.addEventListener('touchstart', handleTouch)
document.addEventListener('wheel', handleWheel)
return () => {
document.removeEventListener('touchstart', handleTouch)
document.removeEventListener('wheel', handleWheel)
}
}, [])
```
**Correct:**
```typescript
useEffect(() => {
const handleTouch = (e: TouchEvent) => console.log(e.touches[0].clientX)
const handleWheel = (e: WheelEvent) => console.log(e.deltaY)
document.addEventListener('touchstart', handleTouch, { passive: true })
document.addEventListener('wheel', handleWheel, { passive: true })
return () => {
document.removeEventListener('touchstart', handleTouch)
document.removeEventListener('wheel', handleWheel)
}
}, [])
```
**Use passive when:** tracking/analytics, logging, any listener that doesn't call `preventDefault()`.
**Don't use passive when:** implementing custom swipe gestures, custom zoom controls, or any listener that needs `preventDefault()`.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
---
title: Use SWR for Automatic Deduplication
impact: MEDIUM-HIGH
impactDescription: automatic deduplication
tags: client, swr, deduplication, data-fetching
---
## Use SWR for Automatic Deduplication
SWR enables request deduplication, caching, and revalidation across component instances.
**Incorrect (no deduplication, each instance fetches):**
```tsx
function UserList() {
const [users, setUsers] = useState([])
useEffect(() => {
fetch('/api/users')
.then(r => r.json())
.then(setUsers)
}, [])
}
```
**Correct (multiple instances share one request):**
```tsx
import useSWR from 'swr'
function UserList() {
const { data: users } = useSWR('/api/users', fetcher)
}
```
**For immutable data:**
```tsx
import { useImmutableSWR } from '@/lib/swr'
function StaticContent() {
const { data } = useImmutableSWR('/api/config', fetcher)
}
```
**For mutations:**
```tsx
import { useSWRMutation } from 'swr/mutation'
function UpdateButton() {
const { trigger } = useSWRMutation('/api/user', updateUser)
return <button onClick={() => trigger()}>Update</button>
}
```
Reference: [https://swr.vercel.app](https://swr.vercel.app)

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
---
title: Batch DOM CSS Changes
impact: MEDIUM
impactDescription: reduces reflows/repaints
tags: javascript, dom, css, performance, reflow
---
## Batch DOM CSS Changes
Avoid changing styles one property at a time. Group multiple CSS changes together via classes or `cssText` to minimize browser reflows.
**Incorrect (multiple reflows):**
```typescript
function updateElementStyles(element: HTMLElement) {
// Each line triggers a reflow
element.style.width = '100px'
element.style.height = '200px'
element.style.backgroundColor = 'blue'
element.style.border = '1px solid black'
}
```
**Correct (add class - single reflow):**
```typescript
// CSS file
.highlighted-box {
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
background-color: blue;
border: 1px solid black;
}
// JavaScript
function updateElementStyles(element: HTMLElement) {
element.classList.add('highlighted-box')
}
```
**Correct (change cssText - single reflow):**
```typescript
function updateElementStyles(element: HTMLElement) {
element.style.cssText = `
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
background-color: blue;
border: 1px solid black;
`
}
```
**React example:**
```tsx
// Incorrect: changing styles one by one
function Box({ isHighlighted }: { isHighlighted: boolean }) {
const ref = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)
useEffect(() => {
if (ref.current && isHighlighted) {
ref.current.style.width = '100px'
ref.current.style.height = '200px'
ref.current.style.backgroundColor = 'blue'
}
}, [isHighlighted])
return <div ref={ref}>Content</div>
}
// Correct: toggle class
function Box({ isHighlighted }: { isHighlighted: boolean }) {
return (
<div className={isHighlighted ? 'highlighted-box' : ''}>
Content
</div>
)
}
```
Prefer CSS classes over inline styles when possible. Classes are cached by the browser and provide better separation of concerns.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
---
title: Cache Repeated Function Calls
impact: MEDIUM
impactDescription: avoid redundant computation
tags: javascript, cache, memoization, performance
---
## Cache Repeated Function Calls
Use a module-level Map to cache function results when the same function is called repeatedly with the same inputs during render.
**Incorrect (redundant computation):**
```typescript
function ProjectList({ projects }: { projects: Project[] }) {
return (
<div>
{projects.map(project => {
// slugify() called 100+ times for same project names
const slug = slugify(project.name)
return <ProjectCard key={project.id} slug={slug} />
})}
</div>
)
}
```
**Correct (cached results):**
```typescript
// Module-level cache
const slugifyCache = new Map<string, string>()
function cachedSlugify(text: string): string {
if (slugifyCache.has(text)) {
return slugifyCache.get(text)!
}
const result = slugify(text)
slugifyCache.set(text, result)
return result
}
function ProjectList({ projects }: { projects: Project[] }) {
return (
<div>
{projects.map(project => {
// Computed only once per unique project name
const slug = cachedSlugify(project.name)
return <ProjectCard key={project.id} slug={slug} />
})}
</div>
)
}
```
**Simpler pattern for single-value functions:**
```typescript
let isLoggedInCache: boolean | null = null
function isLoggedIn(): boolean {
if (isLoggedInCache !== null) {
return isLoggedInCache
}
isLoggedInCache = document.cookie.includes('auth=')
return isLoggedInCache
}
// Clear cache when auth changes
function onAuthChange() {
isLoggedInCache = null
}
```
Use a Map (not a hook) so it works everywhere: utilities, event handlers, not just React components.
Reference: [How we made the Vercel Dashboard twice as fast](https://vercel.com/blog/how-we-made-the-vercel-dashboard-twice-as-fast)

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
---
title: Cache Property Access in Loops
impact: LOW-MEDIUM
impactDescription: reduces lookups
tags: javascript, loops, optimization, caching
---
## Cache Property Access in Loops
Cache object property lookups in hot paths.
**Incorrect (3 lookups × N iterations):**
```typescript
for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
process(obj.config.settings.value)
}
```
**Correct (1 lookup total):**
```typescript
const value = obj.config.settings.value
const len = arr.length
for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
process(value)
}
```

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
---
title: Cache Storage API Calls
impact: LOW-MEDIUM
impactDescription: reduces expensive I/O
tags: javascript, localStorage, storage, caching, performance
---
## Cache Storage API Calls
`localStorage`, `sessionStorage`, and `document.cookie` are synchronous and expensive. Cache reads in memory.
**Incorrect (reads storage on every call):**
```typescript
function getTheme() {
return localStorage.getItem('theme') ?? 'light'
}
// Called 10 times = 10 storage reads
```
**Correct (Map cache):**
```typescript
const storageCache = new Map<string, string | null>()
function getLocalStorage(key: string) {
if (!storageCache.has(key)) {
storageCache.set(key, localStorage.getItem(key))
}
return storageCache.get(key)
}
function setLocalStorage(key: string, value: string) {
localStorage.setItem(key, value)
storageCache.set(key, value) // keep cache in sync
}
```
Use a Map (not a hook) so it works everywhere: utilities, event handlers, not just React components.
**Cookie caching:**
```typescript
let cookieCache: Record<string, string> | null = null
function getCookie(name: string) {
if (!cookieCache) {
cookieCache = Object.fromEntries(
document.cookie.split('; ').map(c => c.split('='))
)
}
return cookieCache[name]
}
```
**Important (invalidate on external changes):**
If storage can change externally (another tab, server-set cookies), invalidate cache:
```typescript
window.addEventListener('storage', (e) => {
if (e.key) storageCache.delete(e.key)
})
document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', () => {
if (document.visibilityState === 'visible') {
storageCache.clear()
}
})
```

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
---
title: Combine Multiple Array Iterations
impact: LOW-MEDIUM
impactDescription: reduces iterations
tags: javascript, arrays, loops, performance
---
## Combine Multiple Array Iterations
Multiple `.filter()` or `.map()` calls iterate the array multiple times. Combine into one loop.
**Incorrect (3 iterations):**
```typescript
const admins = users.filter(u => u.isAdmin)
const testers = users.filter(u => u.isTester)
const inactive = users.filter(u => !u.isActive)
```
**Correct (1 iteration):**
```typescript
const admins: User[] = []
const testers: User[] = []
const inactive: User[] = []
for (const user of users) {
if (user.isAdmin) admins.push(user)
if (user.isTester) testers.push(user)
if (!user.isActive) inactive.push(user)
}
```

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
---
title: Early Return from Functions
impact: LOW-MEDIUM
impactDescription: avoids unnecessary computation
tags: javascript, functions, optimization, early-return
---
## Early Return from Functions
Return early when result is determined to skip unnecessary processing.
**Incorrect (processes all items even after finding answer):**
```typescript
function validateUsers(users: User[]) {
let hasError = false
let errorMessage = ''
for (const user of users) {
if (!user.email) {
hasError = true
errorMessage = 'Email required'
}
if (!user.name) {
hasError = true
errorMessage = 'Name required'
}
// Continues checking all users even after error found
}
return hasError ? { valid: false, error: errorMessage } : { valid: true }
}
```
**Correct (returns immediately on first error):**
```typescript
function validateUsers(users: User[]) {
for (const user of users) {
if (!user.email) {
return { valid: false, error: 'Email required' }
}
if (!user.name) {
return { valid: false, error: 'Name required' }
}
}
return { valid: true }
}
```

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
---
title: Hoist RegExp Creation
impact: LOW-MEDIUM
impactDescription: avoids recreation
tags: javascript, regexp, optimization, memoization
---
## Hoist RegExp Creation
Don't create RegExp inside render. Hoist to module scope or memoize with `useMemo()`.
**Incorrect (new RegExp every render):**
```tsx
function Highlighter({ text, query }: Props) {
const regex = new RegExp(`(${query})`, 'gi')
const parts = text.split(regex)
return <>{parts.map((part, i) => ...)}</>
}
```
**Correct (memoize or hoist):**
```tsx
const EMAIL_REGEX = /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/
function Highlighter({ text, query }: Props) {
const regex = useMemo(
() => new RegExp(`(${escapeRegex(query)})`, 'gi'),
[query]
)
const parts = text.split(regex)
return <>{parts.map((part, i) => ...)}</>
}
```
**Warning (global regex has mutable state):**
Global regex (`/g`) has mutable `lastIndex` state:
```typescript
const regex = /foo/g
regex.test('foo') // true, lastIndex = 3
regex.test('foo') // false, lastIndex = 0
```

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
---
title: Build Index Maps for Repeated Lookups
impact: LOW-MEDIUM
impactDescription: 1M ops to 2K ops
tags: javascript, map, indexing, optimization, performance
---
## Build Index Maps for Repeated Lookups
Multiple `.find()` calls by the same key should use a Map.
**Incorrect (O(n) per lookup):**
```typescript
function processOrders(orders: Order[], users: User[]) {
return orders.map(order => ({
...order,
user: users.find(u => u.id === order.userId)
}))
}
```
**Correct (O(1) per lookup):**
```typescript
function processOrders(orders: Order[], users: User[]) {
const userById = new Map(users.map(u => [u.id, u]))
return orders.map(order => ({
...order,
user: userById.get(order.userId)
}))
}
```
Build map once (O(n)), then all lookups are O(1).
For 1000 orders × 1000 users: 1M ops → 2K ops.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
---
title: Early Length Check for Array Comparisons
impact: MEDIUM-HIGH
impactDescription: avoids expensive operations when lengths differ
tags: javascript, arrays, performance, optimization, comparison
---
## Early Length Check for Array Comparisons
When comparing arrays with expensive operations (sorting, deep equality, serialization), check lengths first. If lengths differ, the arrays cannot be equal.
In real-world applications, this optimization is especially valuable when the comparison runs in hot paths (event handlers, render loops).
**Incorrect (always runs expensive comparison):**
```typescript
function hasChanges(current: string[], original: string[]) {
// Always sorts and joins, even when lengths differ
return current.sort().join() !== original.sort().join()
}
```
Two O(n log n) sorts run even when `current.length` is 5 and `original.length` is 100. There is also overhead of joining the arrays and comparing the strings.
**Correct (O(1) length check first):**
```typescript
function hasChanges(current: string[], original: string[]) {
// Early return if lengths differ
if (current.length !== original.length) {
return true
}
// Only sort/join when lengths match
const currentSorted = current.toSorted()
const originalSorted = original.toSorted()
for (let i = 0; i < currentSorted.length; i++) {
if (currentSorted[i] !== originalSorted[i]) {
return true
}
}
return false
}
```
This new approach is more efficient because:
- It avoids the overhead of sorting and joining the arrays when lengths differ
- It avoids consuming memory for the joined strings (especially important for large arrays)
- It avoids mutating the original arrays
- It returns early when a difference is found

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
---
title: Use Loop for Min/Max Instead of Sort
impact: LOW
impactDescription: O(n) instead of O(n log n)
tags: javascript, arrays, performance, sorting, algorithms
---
## Use Loop for Min/Max Instead of Sort
Finding the smallest or largest element only requires a single pass through the array. Sorting is wasteful and slower.
**Incorrect (O(n log n) - sort to find latest):**
```typescript
interface Project {
id: string
name: string
updatedAt: number
}
function getLatestProject(projects: Project[]) {
const sorted = [...projects].sort((a, b) => b.updatedAt - a.updatedAt)
return sorted[0]
}
```
Sorts the entire array just to find the maximum value.
**Incorrect (O(n log n) - sort for oldest and newest):**
```typescript
function getOldestAndNewest(projects: Project[]) {
const sorted = [...projects].sort((a, b) => a.updatedAt - b.updatedAt)
return { oldest: sorted[0], newest: sorted[sorted.length - 1] }
}
```
Still sorts unnecessarily when only min/max are needed.
**Correct (O(n) - single loop):**
```typescript
function getLatestProject(projects: Project[]) {
if (projects.length === 0) return null
let latest = projects[0]
for (let i = 1; i < projects.length; i++) {
if (projects[i].updatedAt > latest.updatedAt) {
latest = projects[i]
}
}
return latest
}
function getOldestAndNewest(projects: Project[]) {
if (projects.length === 0) return { oldest: null, newest: null }
let oldest = projects[0]
let newest = projects[0]
for (let i = 1; i < projects.length; i++) {
if (projects[i].updatedAt < oldest.updatedAt) oldest = projects[i]
if (projects[i].updatedAt > newest.updatedAt) newest = projects[i]
}
return { oldest, newest }
}
```
Single pass through the array, no copying, no sorting.
**Alternative (Math.min/Math.max for small arrays):**
```typescript
const numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1, 9]
const min = Math.min(...numbers)
const max = Math.max(...numbers)
```
This works for small arrays but can be slower for very large arrays due to spread operator limitations. Use the loop approach for reliability.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
---
title: Use Set/Map for O(1) Lookups
impact: LOW-MEDIUM
impactDescription: O(n) to O(1)
tags: javascript, set, map, data-structures, performance
---
## Use Set/Map for O(1) Lookups
Convert arrays to Set/Map for repeated membership checks.
**Incorrect (O(n) per check):**
```typescript
const allowedIds = ['a', 'b', 'c', ...]
items.filter(item => allowedIds.includes(item.id))
```
**Correct (O(1) per check):**
```typescript
const allowedIds = new Set(['a', 'b', 'c', ...])
items.filter(item => allowedIds.has(item.id))
```

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
---
title: Use toSorted() Instead of sort() for Immutability
impact: MEDIUM-HIGH
impactDescription: prevents mutation bugs in React state
tags: javascript, arrays, immutability, react, state, mutation
---
## Use toSorted() Instead of sort() for Immutability
`.sort()` mutates the array in place, which can cause bugs with React state and props. Use `.toSorted()` to create a new sorted array without mutation.
**Incorrect (mutates original array):**
```typescript
function UserList({ users }: { users: User[] }) {
// Mutates the users prop array!
const sorted = useMemo(
() => users.sort((a, b) => a.name.localeCompare(b.name)),
[users]
)
return <div>{sorted.map(renderUser)}</div>
}
```
**Correct (creates new array):**
```typescript
function UserList({ users }: { users: User[] }) {
// Creates new sorted array, original unchanged
const sorted = useMemo(
() => users.toSorted((a, b) => a.name.localeCompare(b.name)),
[users]
)
return <div>{sorted.map(renderUser)}</div>
}
```
**Why this matters in React:**
1. Props/state mutations break React's immutability model - React expects props and state to be treated as read-only
2. Causes stale closure bugs - Mutating arrays inside closures (callbacks, effects) can lead to unexpected behavior
**Browser support (fallback for older browsers):**
`.toSorted()` is available in all modern browsers (Chrome 110+, Safari 16+, Firefox 115+, Node.js 20+). For older environments, use spread operator:
```typescript
// Fallback for older browsers
const sorted = [...items].sort((a, b) => a.value - b.value)
```
**Other immutable array methods:**
- `.toSorted()` - immutable sort
- `.toReversed()` - immutable reverse
- `.toSpliced()` - immutable splice
- `.with()` - immutable element replacement

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
---
title: Animate SVG Wrapper Instead of SVG Element
impact: LOW
impactDescription: enables hardware acceleration
tags: rendering, svg, css, animation, performance
---
## Animate SVG Wrapper Instead of SVG Element
Many browsers don't have hardware acceleration for CSS3 animations on SVG elements. Wrap SVG in a `<div>` and animate the wrapper instead.
**Incorrect (animating SVG directly - no hardware acceleration):**
```tsx
function LoadingSpinner() {
return (
<svg
className="animate-spin"
width="24"
height="24"
viewBox="0 0 24 24"
>
<circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10" stroke="currentColor" />
</svg>
)
}
```
**Correct (animating wrapper div - hardware accelerated):**
```tsx
function LoadingSpinner() {
return (
<div className="animate-spin">
<svg
width="24"
height="24"
viewBox="0 0 24 24"
>
<circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10" stroke="currentColor" />
</svg>
</div>
)
}
```
This applies to all CSS transforms and transitions (`transform`, `opacity`, `translate`, `scale`, `rotate`). The wrapper div allows browsers to use GPU acceleration for smoother animations.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
---
title: Use Explicit Conditional Rendering
impact: LOW
impactDescription: prevents rendering 0 or NaN
tags: rendering, conditional, jsx, falsy-values
---
## Use Explicit Conditional Rendering
Use explicit ternary operators (`? :`) instead of `&&` for conditional rendering when the condition can be `0`, `NaN`, or other falsy values that render.
**Incorrect (renders "0" when count is 0):**
```tsx
function Badge({ count }: { count: number }) {
return (
<div>
{count && <span className="badge">{count}</span>}
</div>
)
}
// When count = 0, renders: <div>0</div>
// When count = 5, renders: <div><span class="badge">5</span></div>
```
**Correct (renders nothing when count is 0):**
```tsx
function Badge({ count }: { count: number }) {
return (
<div>
{count > 0 ? <span className="badge">{count}</span> : null}
</div>
)
}
// When count = 0, renders: <div></div>
// When count = 5, renders: <div><span class="badge">5</span></div>
```

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
---
title: CSS content-visibility for Long Lists
impact: HIGH
impactDescription: faster initial render
tags: rendering, css, content-visibility, long-lists
---
## CSS content-visibility for Long Lists
Apply `content-visibility: auto` to defer off-screen rendering.
**CSS:**
```css
.message-item {
content-visibility: auto;
contain-intrinsic-size: 0 80px;
}
```
**Example:**
```tsx
function MessageList({ messages }: { messages: Message[] }) {
return (
<div className="overflow-y-auto h-screen">
{messages.map(msg => (
<div key={msg.id} className="message-item">
<Avatar user={msg.author} />
<div>{msg.content}</div>
</div>
))}
</div>
)
}
```
For 1000 messages, browser skips layout/paint for ~990 off-screen items (10× faster initial render).

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
---
title: Hoist Static JSX Elements
impact: LOW
impactDescription: avoids re-creation
tags: rendering, jsx, static, optimization
---
## Hoist Static JSX Elements
Extract static JSX outside components to avoid re-creation.
**Incorrect (recreates element every render):**
```tsx
function LoadingSkeleton() {
return <div className="animate-pulse h-20 bg-gray-200" />
}
function Container() {
return (
<div>
{loading && <LoadingSkeleton />}
</div>
)
}
```
**Correct (reuses same element):**
```tsx
const loadingSkeleton = (
<div className="animate-pulse h-20 bg-gray-200" />
)
function Container() {
return (
<div>
{loading && loadingSkeleton}
</div>
)
}
```
This is especially helpful for large and static SVG nodes, which can be expensive to recreate on every render.
**Note:** If your project has [React Compiler](https://react.dev/learn/react-compiler) enabled, the compiler automatically hoists static JSX elements and optimizes component re-renders, making manual hoisting unnecessary.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
---
title: Optimize SVG Precision
impact: LOW
impactDescription: reduces file size
tags: rendering, svg, optimization, svgo
---
## Optimize SVG Precision
Reduce SVG coordinate precision to decrease file size. The optimal precision depends on the viewBox size, but in general reducing precision should be considered.
**Incorrect (excessive precision):**
```svg
<path d="M 10.293847 20.847362 L 30.938472 40.192837" />
```
**Correct (1 decimal place):**
```svg
<path d="M 10.3 20.8 L 30.9 40.2" />
```
**Automate with SVGO:**
```bash
npx svgo --precision=1 --multipass icon.svg
```

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
---
title: Defer State Reads to Usage Point
impact: MEDIUM
impactDescription: avoids unnecessary subscriptions
tags: rerender, searchParams, localStorage, optimization
---
## Defer State Reads to Usage Point
Don't subscribe to dynamic state (searchParams, localStorage) if you only read it inside callbacks.
**Incorrect (subscribes to all searchParams changes):**
```tsx
function ShareButton({ chatId }: { chatId: string }) {
const searchParams = useSearchParams()
const handleShare = () => {
const ref = searchParams.get('ref')
shareChat(chatId, { ref })
}
return <button onClick={handleShare}>Share</button>
}
```
**Correct (reads on demand, no subscription):**
```tsx
function ShareButton({ chatId }: { chatId: string }) {
const handleShare = () => {
const params = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search)
const ref = params.get('ref')
shareChat(chatId, { ref })
}
return <button onClick={handleShare}>Share</button>
}
```

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
---
title: Narrow Effect Dependencies
impact: LOW
impactDescription: minimizes effect re-runs
tags: rerender, useEffect, dependencies, optimization
---
## Narrow Effect Dependencies
Specify primitive dependencies instead of objects to minimize effect re-runs.
**Incorrect (re-runs on any user field change):**
```tsx
useEffect(() => {
console.log(user.id)
}, [user])
```
**Correct (re-runs only when id changes):**
```tsx
useEffect(() => {
console.log(user.id)
}, [user.id])
```
**For derived state, compute outside effect:**
```tsx
// Incorrect: runs on width=767, 766, 765...
useEffect(() => {
if (width < 768) {
enableMobileMode()
}
}, [width])
// Correct: runs only on boolean transition
const isMobile = width < 768
useEffect(() => {
if (isMobile) {
enableMobileMode()
}
}, [isMobile])
```

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
---
title: Subscribe to Derived State
impact: MEDIUM
impactDescription: reduces re-render frequency
tags: rerender, derived-state, media-query, optimization
---
## Subscribe to Derived State
Subscribe to derived boolean state instead of continuous values to reduce re-render frequency.
**Incorrect (re-renders on every pixel change):**
```tsx
function Sidebar() {
const width = useWindowWidth() // updates continuously
const isMobile = width < 768
return <nav className={isMobile ? 'mobile' : 'desktop'} />
}
```
**Correct (re-renders only when boolean changes):**
```tsx
function Sidebar() {
const isMobile = useMediaQuery('(max-width: 767px)')
return <nav className={isMobile ? 'mobile' : 'desktop'} />
}
```

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
---
title: Use Functional setState Updates
impact: MEDIUM
impactDescription: prevents stale closures and unnecessary callback recreations
tags: react, hooks, useState, useCallback, callbacks, closures
---
## Use Functional setState Updates
When updating state based on the current state value, use the functional update form of setState instead of directly referencing the state variable. This prevents stale closures, eliminates unnecessary dependencies, and creates stable callback references.
**Incorrect (requires state as dependency):**
```tsx
function TodoList() {
const [items, setItems] = useState(initialItems)
// Callback must depend on items, recreated on every items change
const addItems = useCallback((newItems: Item[]) => {
setItems([...items, ...newItems])
}, [items]) // ❌ items dependency causes recreations
// Risk of stale closure if dependency is forgotten
const removeItem = useCallback((id: string) => {
setItems(items.filter(item => item.id !== id))
}, []) // ❌ Missing items dependency - will use stale items!
return <ItemsEditor items={items} onAdd={addItems} onRemove={removeItem} />
}
```
The first callback is recreated every time `items` changes, which can cause child components to re-render unnecessarily. The second callback has a stale closure bug—it will always reference the initial `items` value.
**Correct (stable callbacks, no stale closures):**
```tsx
function TodoList() {
const [items, setItems] = useState(initialItems)
// Stable callback, never recreated
const addItems = useCallback((newItems: Item[]) => {
setItems(curr => [...curr, ...newItems])
}, []) // ✅ No dependencies needed
// Always uses latest state, no stale closure risk
const removeItem = useCallback((id: string) => {
setItems(curr => curr.filter(item => item.id !== id))
}, []) // ✅ Safe and stable
return <ItemsEditor items={items} onAdd={addItems} onRemove={removeItem} />
}
```
**Benefits:**
1. **Stable callback references** - Callbacks don't need to be recreated when state changes
2. **No stale closures** - Always operates on the latest state value
3. **Fewer dependencies** - Simplifies dependency arrays and reduces memory leaks
4. **Prevents bugs** - Eliminates the most common source of React closure bugs
**When to use functional updates:**
- Any setState that depends on the current state value
- Inside useCallback/useMemo when state is needed
- Event handlers that reference state
- Async operations that update state
**When direct updates are fine:**
- Setting state to a static value: `setCount(0)`
- Setting state from props/arguments only: `setName(newName)`
- State doesn't depend on previous value
**Note:** If your project has [React Compiler](https://react.dev/learn/react-compiler) enabled, the compiler can automatically optimize some cases, but functional updates are still recommended for correctness and to prevent stale closure bugs.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
---
title: Use Lazy State Initialization
impact: MEDIUM
impactDescription: wasted computation on every render
tags: react, hooks, useState, performance, initialization
---
## Use Lazy State Initialization
Pass a function to `useState` for expensive initial values. Without the function form, the initializer runs on every render even though the value is only used once.
**Incorrect (runs on every render):**
```tsx
function FilteredList({ items }: { items: Item[] }) {
// buildSearchIndex() runs on EVERY render, even after initialization
const [searchIndex, setSearchIndex] = useState(buildSearchIndex(items))
const [query, setQuery] = useState('')
// When query changes, buildSearchIndex runs again unnecessarily
return <SearchResults index={searchIndex} query={query} />
}
function UserProfile() {
// JSON.parse runs on every render
const [settings, setSettings] = useState(
JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('settings') || '{}')
)
return <SettingsForm settings={settings} onChange={setSettings} />
}
```
**Correct (runs only once):**
```tsx
function FilteredList({ items }: { items: Item[] }) {
// buildSearchIndex() runs ONLY on initial render
const [searchIndex, setSearchIndex] = useState(() => buildSearchIndex(items))
const [query, setQuery] = useState('')
return <SearchResults index={searchIndex} query={query} />
}
function UserProfile() {
// JSON.parse runs only on initial render
const [settings, setSettings] = useState(() => {
const stored = localStorage.getItem('settings')
return stored ? JSON.parse(stored) : {}
})
return <SettingsForm settings={settings} onChange={setSettings} />
}
```
Use lazy initialization when computing initial values from localStorage/sessionStorage, building data structures (indexes, maps), reading from the DOM, or performing heavy transformations.
For simple primitives (`useState(0)`), direct references (`useState(props.value)`), or cheap literals (`useState({})`), the function form is unnecessary.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
---
title: Extract to Memoized Components
impact: MEDIUM
impactDescription: enables early returns
tags: rerender, memo, useMemo, optimization
---
## Extract to Memoized Components
Extract expensive work into memoized components to enable early returns before computation.
**Incorrect (computes avatar even when loading):**
```tsx
function Profile({ user, loading }: Props) {
const avatar = useMemo(() => {
const id = computeAvatarId(user)
return <Avatar id={id} />
}, [user])
if (loading) return <Skeleton />
return <div>{avatar}</div>
}
```
**Correct (skips computation when loading):**
```tsx
const UserAvatar = memo(function UserAvatar({ user }: { user: User }) {
const id = useMemo(() => computeAvatarId(user), [user])
return <Avatar id={id} />
})
function Profile({ user, loading }: Props) {
if (loading) return <Skeleton />
return (
<div>
<UserAvatar user={user} />
</div>
)
}
```
**Note:** If your project has [React Compiler](https://react.dev/learn/react-compiler) enabled, manual memoization with `memo()` and `useMemo()` is not necessary. The compiler automatically optimizes re-renders.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
---
title: Use Transitions for Non-Urgent Updates
impact: MEDIUM
impactDescription: maintains UI responsiveness
tags: rerender, transitions, startTransition, performance
---
## Use Transitions for Non-Urgent Updates
Mark frequent, non-urgent state updates as transitions to maintain UI responsiveness.
**Incorrect (blocks UI on every scroll):**
```tsx
function ScrollTracker() {
const [scrollY, setScrollY] = useState(0)
useEffect(() => {
const handler = () => setScrollY(window.scrollY)
window.addEventListener('scroll', handler, { passive: true })
return () => window.removeEventListener('scroll', handler)
}, [])
}
```
**Correct (non-blocking updates):**
```tsx
import { startTransition } from 'react'
function ScrollTracker() {
const [scrollY, setScrollY] = useState(0)
useEffect(() => {
const handler = () => {
startTransition(() => setScrollY(window.scrollY))
}
window.addEventListener('scroll', handler, { passive: true })
return () => window.removeEventListener('scroll', handler)
}, [])
}
```

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
---
name: web-design-guidelines
description: Review UI code for Web Interface Guidelines compliance. Use when asked to "review my UI", "check accessibility", "audit design", "review UX", or "check my site against best practices".
metadata:
author: vercel
version: "1.0.0"
argument-hint: <file-or-pattern>
---
# Web Interface Guidelines
Review files for compliance with Web Interface Guidelines.
## How It Works
1. Fetch the latest guidelines from the source URL below
2. Read the specified files (or prompt user for files/pattern)
3. Check against all rules in the fetched guidelines
4. Output findings in the terse `file:line` format
## Guidelines Source
Fetch fresh guidelines before each review:
```
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vercel-labs/web-interface-guidelines/main/command.md
```
Use WebFetch to retrieve the latest rules. The fetched content contains all the rules and output format instructions.
## Usage
When a user provides a file or pattern argument:
1. Fetch guidelines from the source URL above
2. Read the specified files
3. Apply all rules from the fetched guidelines
4. Output findings using the format specified in the guidelines
If no files specified, ask the user which files to review.

View File

@@ -6,25 +6,10 @@ To install dependencies:
bun install bun install
``` ```
## Packages To run:
### @aris/data-source-tfl
TfL (Transport for London) data source for tube, overground, and Elizabeth line alerts.
#### Testing
```bash ```bash
cd packages/aris-data-source-tfl bun run index.ts
bun run test
``` ```
#### Fixtures This project was created using `bun init` in bun v1.3.6. [Bun](https://bun.com) is a fast all-in-one JavaScript runtime.
Tests use fixture data from real TfL API responses stored in `fixtures/tfl-responses.json`.
To refresh fixtures:
```bash
bun run fetch-fixtures
```

View File

@@ -17,24 +17,10 @@
"name": "@aris/core", "name": "@aris/core",
"version": "0.0.0", "version": "0.0.0",
}, },
"packages/aris-data-source-tfl": {
"name": "@aris/data-source-tfl",
"version": "0.0.0",
"dependencies": {
"@aris/core": "workspace:*",
"arktype": "^2.1.0",
},
},
}, },
"packages": { "packages": {
"@aris/core": ["@aris/core@workspace:packages/aris-core"], "@aris/core": ["@aris/core@workspace:packages/aris-core"],
"@aris/data-source-tfl": ["@aris/data-source-tfl@workspace:packages/aris-data-source-tfl"],
"@ark/schema": ["@ark/schema@0.56.0", "", { "dependencies": { "@ark/util": "0.56.0" } }, "sha512-ECg3hox/6Z/nLajxXqNhgPtNdHWC9zNsDyskwO28WinoFEnWow4IsERNz9AnXRhTZJnYIlAJ4uGn3nlLk65vZA=="],
"@ark/util": ["@ark/util@0.56.0", "", {}, "sha512-BghfRC8b9pNs3vBoDJhcta0/c1J1rsoS1+HgVUreMFPdhz/CRAKReAu57YEllNaSy98rWAdY1gE+gFup7OXpgA=="],
"@oxfmt/darwin-arm64": ["@oxfmt/darwin-arm64@0.24.0", "", { "os": "darwin", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-aYXuGf/yq8nsyEcHindGhiz9I+GEqLkVq8CfPbd+6VE259CpPEH+CaGHEO1j6vIOmNr8KHRq+IAjeRO2uJpb8A=="], "@oxfmt/darwin-arm64": ["@oxfmt/darwin-arm64@0.24.0", "", { "os": "darwin", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-aYXuGf/yq8nsyEcHindGhiz9I+GEqLkVq8CfPbd+6VE259CpPEH+CaGHEO1j6vIOmNr8KHRq+IAjeRO2uJpb8A=="],
"@oxfmt/darwin-x64": ["@oxfmt/darwin-x64@0.24.0", "", { "os": "darwin", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-vs3b8Bs53hbiNvcNeBilzE/+IhDTWKjSBB3v/ztr664nZk65j0xr+5IHMBNz3CFppmX7o/aBta2PxY+t+4KoPg=="], "@oxfmt/darwin-x64": ["@oxfmt/darwin-x64@0.24.0", "", { "os": "darwin", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-vs3b8Bs53hbiNvcNeBilzE/+IhDTWKjSBB3v/ztr664nZk65j0xr+5IHMBNz3CFppmX7o/aBta2PxY+t+4KoPg=="],
@@ -71,10 +57,6 @@
"@types/node": ["@types/node@25.0.9", "", { "dependencies": { "undici-types": "~7.16.0" } }, "sha512-/rpCXHlCWeqClNBwUhDcusJxXYDjZTyE8v5oTO7WbL8eij2nKhUeU89/6xgjU7N4/Vh3He0BtyhJdQbDyhiXAw=="], "@types/node": ["@types/node@25.0.9", "", { "dependencies": { "undici-types": "~7.16.0" } }, "sha512-/rpCXHlCWeqClNBwUhDcusJxXYDjZTyE8v5oTO7WbL8eij2nKhUeU89/6xgjU7N4/Vh3He0BtyhJdQbDyhiXAw=="],
"arkregex": ["arkregex@0.0.5", "", { "dependencies": { "@ark/util": "0.56.0" } }, "sha512-ncYjBdLlh5/QnVsAA8De16Tc9EqmYM7y/WU9j+236KcyYNUXogpz3sC4ATIZYzzLxwI+0sEOaQLEmLmRleaEXw=="],
"arktype": ["arktype@2.1.29", "", { "dependencies": { "@ark/schema": "0.56.0", "@ark/util": "0.56.0", "arkregex": "0.0.5" } }, "sha512-jyfKk4xIOzvYNayqnD8ZJQqOwcrTOUbIU4293yrzAjA3O1dWh61j71ArMQ6tS/u4pD7vabSPe7nG3RCyoXW6RQ=="],
"bun-types": ["bun-types@1.3.6", "", { "dependencies": { "@types/node": "*" } }, "sha512-OlFwHcnNV99r//9v5IIOgQ9Uk37gZqrNMCcqEaExdkVq3Avwqok1bJFmvGMCkCE0FqzdY8VMOZpfpR3lwI+CsQ=="], "bun-types": ["bun-types@1.3.6", "", { "dependencies": { "@types/node": "*" } }, "sha512-OlFwHcnNV99r//9v5IIOgQ9Uk37gZqrNMCcqEaExdkVq3Avwqok1bJFmvGMCkCE0FqzdY8VMOZpfpR3lwI+CsQ=="],
"oxfmt": ["oxfmt@0.24.0", "", { "dependencies": { "tinypool": "2.0.0" }, "optionalDependencies": { "@oxfmt/darwin-arm64": "0.24.0", "@oxfmt/darwin-x64": "0.24.0", "@oxfmt/linux-arm64-gnu": "0.24.0", "@oxfmt/linux-arm64-musl": "0.24.0", "@oxfmt/linux-x64-gnu": "0.24.0", "@oxfmt/linux-x64-musl": "0.24.0", "@oxfmt/win32-arm64": "0.24.0", "@oxfmt/win32-x64": "0.24.0" }, "bin": { "oxfmt": "bin/oxfmt" } }, "sha512-UjeM3Peez8Tl7IJ9s5UwAoZSiDRMww7BEc21gDYxLq3S3/KqJnM3mjNxsoSHgmBvSeX6RBhoVc2MfC/+96RdSw=="], "oxfmt": ["oxfmt@0.24.0", "", { "dependencies": { "tinypool": "2.0.0" }, "optionalDependencies": { "@oxfmt/darwin-arm64": "0.24.0", "@oxfmt/darwin-x64": "0.24.0", "@oxfmt/linux-arm64-gnu": "0.24.0", "@oxfmt/linux-arm64-musl": "0.24.0", "@oxfmt/linux-x64-gnu": "0.24.0", "@oxfmt/linux-x64-musl": "0.24.0", "@oxfmt/win32-arm64": "0.24.0", "@oxfmt/win32-x64": "0.24.0" }, "bin": { "oxfmt": "bin/oxfmt" } }, "sha512-UjeM3Peez8Tl7IJ9s5UwAoZSiDRMww7BEc21gDYxLq3S3/KqJnM3mjNxsoSHgmBvSeX6RBhoVc2MfC/+96RdSw=="],

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@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
{
"name": "@aris/data-source-tfl",
"version": "0.0.0",
"type": "module",
"main": "src/index.ts",
"types": "src/index.ts",
"scripts": {
"test": "bun test src/",
"fetch-fixtures": "bun run scripts/fetch-fixtures.ts"
},
"dependencies": {
"@aris/core": "workspace:*",
"arktype": "^2.1.0"
}
}

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// Fetches real TfL API responses and saves them as test fixtures
const TEST_LINES = ["northern", "central", "elizabeth"]
const BASE_URL = "https://api.tfl.gov.uk"
async function fetchFixtures() {
console.log("Fetching line statuses...")
const statusRes = await fetch(`${BASE_URL}/Line/${TEST_LINES.join(",")}/Status`)
const lineStatuses = await statusRes.json()
console.log("Fetching stop points...")
const stopPoints: Record<string, unknown> = {}
for (const lineId of TEST_LINES) {
console.log(` Fetching ${lineId}...`)
const res = await fetch(`${BASE_URL}/Line/${lineId}/StopPoints`)
stopPoints[lineId] = await res.json()
}
const fixtures = {
fetchedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
lineStatuses,
stopPoints,
}
const path = new URL("../fixtures/tfl-responses.json", import.meta.url)
await Bun.write(path, JSON.stringify(fixtures))
console.log(`\nFixtures saved to fixtures/tfl-responses.json`)
console.log(` Line statuses: ${(lineStatuses as unknown[]).length} lines`)
for (const [lineId, stops] of Object.entries(stopPoints)) {
console.log(` ${lineId} stops: ${(stops as unknown[]).length}`)
}
}
fetchFixtures().catch(console.error)

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@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
import type { Context, DataSource } from "@aris/core"
import { TflApi, type ITflApi } from "./tfl-api.ts"
import type {
StationLocation,
TflAlertData,
TflAlertFeedItem,
TflAlertSeverity,
TflDataSourceConfig,
TflDataSourceOptions,
TflLineId,
} from "./types.ts"
const SEVERITY_PRIORITY: Record<TflAlertSeverity, number> = {
closure: 100,
"major-delays": 80,
"minor-delays": 60,
}
function haversineDistance(lat1: number, lng1: number, lat2: number, lng2: number): number {
const R = 6371 // Earth's radius in km
const dLat = ((lat2 - lat1) * Math.PI) / 180
const dLng = ((lng2 - lng1) * Math.PI) / 180
const a =
Math.sin(dLat / 2) * Math.sin(dLat / 2) +
Math.cos((lat1 * Math.PI) / 180) * Math.cos((lat2 * Math.PI) / 180) * Math.sin(dLng / 2) * Math.sin(dLng / 2)
const c = 2 * Math.atan2(Math.sqrt(a), Math.sqrt(1 - a))
return R * c
}
function findClosestStationDistance(
lineId: TflLineId,
stations: StationLocation[],
userLat: number,
userLng: number,
): number | null {
const lineStations = stations.filter((s) => s.lines.includes(lineId))
if (lineStations.length === 0) return null
let minDistance = Infinity
for (const station of lineStations) {
const distance = haversineDistance(userLat, userLng, station.lat, station.lng)
if (distance < minDistance) {
minDistance = distance
}
}
return minDistance
}
export class TflDataSource implements DataSource<TflAlertFeedItem, TflDataSourceConfig> {
readonly type = "tfl-alert"
private api: ITflApi
constructor(options: TflDataSourceOptions)
constructor(api: ITflApi)
constructor(optionsOrApi: TflDataSourceOptions | ITflApi) {
if ("fetchLineStatuses" in optionsOrApi) {
this.api = optionsOrApi
} else {
this.api = new TflApi(optionsOrApi.apiKey)
}
}
async query(context: Context, config: TflDataSourceConfig): Promise<TflAlertFeedItem[]> {
const [statuses, stations] = await Promise.all([this.api.fetchLineStatuses(config.lines), this.api.fetchStations()])
const items: TflAlertFeedItem[] = statuses.map((status) => {
const closestStationDistance =
context.location ?
findClosestStationDistance(status.lineId, stations, context.location.lat, context.location.lng)
: null
const data: TflAlertData = {
line: status.lineId,
lineName: status.lineName,
severity: status.severity,
description: status.description,
closestStationDistance,
}
return {
id: `tfl-alert-${status.lineId}-${status.severity}`,
type: this.type,
priority: SEVERITY_PRIORITY[status.severity],
timestamp: context.time,
data,
}
})
// Sort by severity (desc), then by proximity (asc) if location available
items.sort((a, b) => {
if (b.priority !== a.priority) {
return b.priority - a.priority
}
if (a.data.closestStationDistance !== null && b.data.closestStationDistance !== null) {
return a.data.closestStationDistance - b.data.closestStationDistance
}
return 0
})
return items
}
}

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export { TflDataSource } from "./data-source.ts"
export { TflApi, type ITflApi, type TflLineStatus } from "./tfl-api.ts"
export type {
TflAlertData,
TflAlertFeedItem,
TflAlertSeverity,
TflDataSourceConfig,
TflDataSourceOptions,
TflLineId,
StationLocation,
} from "./types.ts"

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@@ -1,206 +0,0 @@
import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
import type { Context } from "@aris/core"
import { TflDataSource } from "./data-source.ts"
import type { ITflApi, TflLineStatus } from "./tfl-api.ts"
import type { StationLocation, TflLineId } from "./types.ts"
import fixtures from "../fixtures/tfl-responses.json"
// Mock API that returns fixture data
class FixtureTflApi implements ITflApi {
async fetchLineStatuses(_lines?: TflLineId[]): Promise<TflLineStatus[]> {
const statuses: TflLineStatus[] = []
for (const line of fixtures.lineStatuses as Record<string, unknown>[]) {
for (const status of line.lineStatuses as Record<string, unknown>[]) {
const severityCode = status.statusSeverity as number
const severity = this.mapSeverity(severityCode)
if (severity) {
statuses.push({
lineId: line.id as TflLineId,
lineName: line.name as string,
severity,
description: (status.reason as string) ?? (status.statusSeverityDescription as string),
})
}
}
}
return statuses
}
async fetchStations(): Promise<StationLocation[]> {
const stationMap = new Map<string, StationLocation>()
for (const [lineId, stops] of Object.entries(fixtures.stopPoints)) {
for (const stop of stops as Record<string, unknown>[]) {
const id = stop.naptanId as string
const existing = stationMap.get(id)
if (existing) {
if (!existing.lines.includes(lineId as TflLineId)) {
existing.lines.push(lineId as TflLineId)
}
} else {
stationMap.set(id, {
id,
name: stop.commonName as string,
lat: stop.lat as number,
lng: stop.lon as number,
lines: [lineId as TflLineId],
})
}
}
}
return Array.from(stationMap.values())
}
private mapSeverity(code: number): "minor-delays" | "major-delays" | "closure" | null {
const map: Record<number, "minor-delays" | "major-delays" | "closure" | null> = {
1: "closure",
2: "closure",
3: "closure",
4: "closure",
5: "closure",
6: "major-delays",
7: "major-delays",
8: "major-delays",
9: "minor-delays",
10: null,
}
return map[code] ?? null
}
}
const createContext = (location?: { lat: number; lng: number }): Context => ({
time: new Date("2026-01-15T12:00:00Z"),
location: location ? { ...location, accuracy: 10 } : undefined,
})
describe("TfL Feed Items (using fixture data)", () => {
const api = new FixtureTflApi()
test("query returns feed items array", async () => {
const dataSource = new TflDataSource(api)
const items = await dataSource.query(createContext(), {})
expect(Array.isArray(items)).toBe(true)
})
test("feed items have correct base structure", async () => {
const dataSource = new TflDataSource(api)
const items = await dataSource.query(createContext({ lat: 51.5074, lng: -0.1278 }), {})
for (const item of items) {
expect(typeof item.id).toBe("string")
expect(item.id).toMatch(/^tfl-alert-/)
expect(item.type).toBe("tfl-alert")
expect(typeof item.priority).toBe("number")
expect(item.timestamp).toBeInstanceOf(Date)
}
})
test("feed items have correct data structure", async () => {
const dataSource = new TflDataSource(api)
const items = await dataSource.query(createContext({ lat: 51.5074, lng: -0.1278 }), {})
for (const item of items) {
expect(typeof item.data.line).toBe("string")
expect(typeof item.data.lineName).toBe("string")
expect(["minor-delays", "major-delays", "closure"]).toContain(item.data.severity)
expect(typeof item.data.description).toBe("string")
expect(item.data.closestStationDistance === null || typeof item.data.closestStationDistance === "number").toBe(
true,
)
}
})
test("feed item ids are unique", async () => {
const dataSource = new TflDataSource(api)
const items = await dataSource.query(createContext(), {})
const ids = items.map((item) => item.id)
const uniqueIds = new Set(ids)
expect(uniqueIds.size).toBe(ids.length)
})
test("feed items are sorted by priority descending", async () => {
const dataSource = new TflDataSource(api)
const items = await dataSource.query(createContext(), {})
for (let i = 1; i < items.length; i++) {
const prev = items[i - 1]!
const curr = items[i]!
expect(prev.priority).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(curr.priority)
}
})
test("priority values match severity levels", async () => {
const dataSource = new TflDataSource(api)
const items = await dataSource.query(createContext(), {})
const severityPriority: Record<string, number> = {
closure: 100,
"major-delays": 80,
"minor-delays": 60,
}
for (const item of items) {
expect(item.priority).toBe(severityPriority[item.data.severity]!)
}
})
test("closestStationDistance is number when location provided", async () => {
const dataSource = new TflDataSource(api)
const items = await dataSource.query(createContext({ lat: 51.5074, lng: -0.1278 }), {})
for (const item of items) {
expect(typeof item.data.closestStationDistance).toBe("number")
expect(item.data.closestStationDistance!).toBeGreaterThan(0)
}
})
test("closestStationDistance is null when no location provided", async () => {
const dataSource = new TflDataSource(api)
const items = await dataSource.query(createContext(), {})
for (const item of items) {
expect(item.data.closestStationDistance).toBeNull()
}
})
})
describe("TfL Fixture Data Shape", () => {
test("fixtures have expected structure", () => {
expect(typeof fixtures.fetchedAt).toBe("string")
expect(Array.isArray(fixtures.lineStatuses)).toBe(true)
expect(typeof fixtures.stopPoints).toBe("object")
})
test("line statuses have required fields", () => {
for (const line of fixtures.lineStatuses as Record<string, unknown>[]) {
expect(typeof line.id).toBe("string")
expect(typeof line.name).toBe("string")
expect(Array.isArray(line.lineStatuses)).toBe(true)
for (const status of line.lineStatuses as Record<string, unknown>[]) {
expect(typeof status.statusSeverity).toBe("number")
expect(typeof status.statusSeverityDescription).toBe("string")
}
}
})
test("stop points have required fields", () => {
for (const [lineId, stops] of Object.entries(fixtures.stopPoints)) {
expect(typeof lineId).toBe("string")
expect(Array.isArray(stops)).toBe(true)
for (const stop of stops as Record<string, unknown>[]) {
expect(typeof stop.naptanId).toBe("string")
expect(typeof stop.commonName).toBe("string")
expect(typeof stop.lat).toBe("number")
expect(typeof stop.lon).toBe("number")
}
}
})
})

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@@ -1,183 +0,0 @@
import { type } from "arktype"
import type { StationLocation, TflAlertSeverity } from "./types.ts"
const TFL_API_BASE = "https://api.tfl.gov.uk"
const ALL_LINE_IDS: TflLineId[] = [
"bakerloo",
"central",
"circle",
"district",
"hammersmith-city",
"jubilee",
"metropolitan",
"northern",
"piccadilly",
"victoria",
"waterloo-city",
"lioness",
"mildmay",
"windrush",
"weaver",
"suffragette",
"liberty",
"elizabeth",
]
// TfL severity codes: https://api.tfl.gov.uk/Line/Meta/Severity
// 0 = Special Service, 1 = Closed, 6 = Severe Delays, 9 = Minor Delays, 10 = Good Service
const SEVERITY_MAP: Record<number, TflAlertSeverity | null> = {
1: "closure",
2: "closure", // Suspended
3: "closure", // Part Suspended
4: "closure", // Planned Closure
5: "closure", // Part Closure
6: "major-delays", // Severe Delays
7: "major-delays", // Reduced Service
8: "major-delays", // Bus Service
9: "minor-delays", // Minor Delays
10: null, // Good Service
11: null, // Part Closed
12: null, // Exit Only
13: null, // No Step Free Access
14: null, // Change of frequency
15: null, // Diverted
16: null, // Not Running
17: null, // Issues Reported
18: null, // No Issues
19: null, // Information
20: null, // Service Closed
}
export interface TflLineStatus {
lineId: TflLineId
lineName: string
severity: TflAlertSeverity
description: string
}
export interface ITflApi {
fetchLineStatuses(lines?: TflLineId[]): Promise<TflLineStatus[]>
fetchStations(): Promise<StationLocation[]>
}
export class TflApi implements ITflApi {
private apiKey: string
private stationsCache: StationLocation[] | null = null
constructor(apiKey: string) {
this.apiKey = apiKey
}
private async fetch<T>(path: string): Promise<T> {
const url = new URL(path, TFL_API_BASE)
url.searchParams.set("app_key", this.apiKey)
const response = await fetch(url.toString())
if (!response.ok) {
throw new Error(`TfL API error: ${response.status} ${response.statusText}`)
}
return response.json() as Promise<T>
}
async fetchLineStatuses(lines?: TflLineId[]): Promise<TflLineStatus[]> {
const lineIds = lines ?? ALL_LINE_IDS
const data = await this.fetch<unknown>(`/Line/${lineIds.join(",")}/Status`)
const parsed = lineResponseArray(data)
if (parsed instanceof type.errors) {
throw new Error(`Invalid TfL API response: ${parsed.summary}`)
}
const statuses: TflLineStatus[] = []
for (const line of parsed) {
for (const status of line.lineStatuses) {
const severity = SEVERITY_MAP[status.statusSeverity]
if (severity) {
statuses.push({
lineId: line.id,
lineName: line.name,
severity,
description: status.reason ?? status.statusSeverityDescription,
})
}
}
}
return statuses
}
async fetchStations(): Promise<StationLocation[]> {
if (this.stationsCache) {
return this.stationsCache
}
// Fetch stations for all lines in parallel
const responses = await Promise.all(
ALL_LINE_IDS.map(async (id) => {
const data = await this.fetch<unknown>(`/Line/${id}/StopPoints`)
const parsed = lineStopPointsArray(data)
if (parsed instanceof type.errors) {
throw new Error(`Invalid TfL API response for line ${id}: ${parsed.summary}`)
}
return { lineId: id, stops: parsed }
}),
)
// Merge stations, combining lines for shared stations
const stationMap = new Map<string, StationLocation>()
for (const { lineId: currentLineId, stops } of responses) {
for (const stop of stops) {
const existing = stationMap.get(stop.naptanId)
if (existing) {
if (!existing.lines.includes(currentLineId)) {
existing.lines.push(currentLineId)
}
} else {
stationMap.set(stop.naptanId, {
id: stop.naptanId,
name: stop.commonName,
lat: stop.lat,
lng: stop.lon,
lines: [currentLineId],
})
}
}
}
this.stationsCache = Array.from(stationMap.values())
return this.stationsCache
}
}
// Schemas
const lineId = type(
"'bakerloo' | 'central' | 'circle' | 'district' | 'hammersmith-city' | 'jubilee' | 'metropolitan' | 'northern' | 'piccadilly' | 'victoria' | 'waterloo-city' | 'lioness' | 'mildmay' | 'windrush' | 'weaver' | 'suffragette' | 'liberty' | 'elizabeth'",
)
export type TflLineId = typeof lineId.infer
const lineStatus = type({
statusSeverity: "number",
statusSeverityDescription: "string",
"reason?": "string",
})
const lineResponse = type({
id: lineId,
name: "string",
lineStatuses: lineStatus.array(),
})
const lineResponseArray = lineResponse.array()
const lineStopPoint = type({
naptanId: "string",
commonName: "string",
lat: "number",
lon: "number",
})
const lineStopPointsArray = lineStopPoint.array()

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import type { FeedItem } from "@aris/core"
import type { TflLineId } from "./tfl-api.ts"
export type { TflLineId } from "./tfl-api.ts"
export type TflAlertSeverity = "minor-delays" | "major-delays" | "closure"
export interface TflAlertData extends Record<string, unknown> {
line: TflLineId
lineName: string
severity: TflAlertSeverity
description: string
closestStationDistance: number | null
}
export type TflAlertFeedItem = FeedItem<"tfl-alert", TflAlertData>
export interface TflDataSourceConfig {
lines?: TflLineId[]
}
export interface TflDataSourceOptions {
apiKey: string
}
export interface StationLocation {
id: string
name: string
lat: number
lng: number
lines: TflLineId[]
}