diff --git a/apps/aelis-backend/src/session/user-session-manager.test.ts b/apps/aelis-backend/src/session/user-session-manager.test.ts
index cd57a19..1ff398b 100644
--- a/apps/aelis-backend/src/session/user-session-manager.test.ts
+++ b/apps/aelis-backend/src/session/user-session-manager.test.ts
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ describe("UserSessionManager.replaceProvider", () => {
 		)
 	})
 
-	test("removes source from session when new provider fails for a user", async () => {
+	test("keeps existing source when new provider fails for a user", async () => {
 		const providerV1 = createStubProvider("test", async () => createStubSource("test"))
 		const manager = new UserSessionManager({ providers: [providerV1] })
 
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ describe("UserSessionManager.replaceProvider", () => {
 		})
 		await manager.replaceProvider(failingProvider)
 
-		expect(session.getSource("test")).toBeUndefined()
+		expect(session.getSource("test")).toBeDefined()
 		expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalled()
 
 		spy.mockRestore()
diff --git a/apps/aelis-backend/src/session/user-session-manager.ts b/apps/aelis-backend/src/session/user-session-manager.ts
index e0d5612..ee4be3a 100644
--- a/apps/aelis-backend/src/session/user-session-manager.ts
+++ b/apps/aelis-backend/src/session/user-session-manager.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export interface UserSessionManagerConfig {
 }
 
 export class UserSessionManager {
-	private sessions = new Map<string, { userId: string; session: UserSession }>()
+	private sessions = new Map<string, UserSession>()
 	private pending = new Map<string, Promise<UserSession>>()
 	private readonly providers = new Map<string, FeedSourceProvider>()
 	private readonly feedEnhancer: FeedEnhancer | null
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export class UserSessionManager {
 
 	async getOrCreate(userId: string): Promise<UserSession> {
 		const existing = this.sessions.get(userId)
-		if (existing) return existing.session
+		if (existing) return existing
 
 		const inflight = this.pending.get(userId)
 		if (inflight) return inflight
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ export class UserSessionManager {
 				session.destroy()
 				throw new Error(`Session for user ${userId} was removed during creation`)
 			}
-			this.sessions.set(userId, { userId, session })
+			this.sessions.set(userId, session)
 			return session
 		} finally {
 			this.pending.delete(userId)
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ export class UserSessionManager {
 	}
 
 	remove(userId: string): void {
-		const entry = this.sessions.get(userId)
-		if (entry) {
-			entry.session.destroy()
+		const session = this.sessions.get(userId)
+		if (session) {
+			session.destroy()
 			this.sessions.delete(userId)
 		}
 		// Cancel any in-flight creation so getOrCreate won't store the session
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ export class UserSessionManager {
 	/**
 	 * Replaces a provider and updates all active sessions.
 	 * The new provider must have the same sourceId as an existing one.
-	 * For each active session, resolves a new source from the provider.
-	 * If the provider fails for a user, the old source is removed from that session.
+	 * For each active session, re-resolves the source via session.refreshSource.
+	 * If the provider fails for a user, the existing source is kept.
 	 */
 	async replaceProvider(provider: FeedSourceProvider): Promise<void> {
 		if (!this.providers.has(provider.sourceId)) {
@@ -78,16 +78,16 @@ export class UserSessionManager {
 
 		const updates: Promise<void>[] = []
 
-		for (const [, { userId, session }] of this.sessions) {
-			updates.push(this.updateSessionSource(provider, userId, session))
+		for (const [, session] of this.sessions) {
+			updates.push(session.refreshSource(provider))
 		}
 
 		// Also update sessions that are currently being created so they
 		// don't land in this.sessions with a stale source.
-		for (const [userId, pendingPromise] of this.pending) {
+		for (const [, pendingPromise] of this.pending) {
 			updates.push(
 				pendingPromise
-					.then((session) => this.updateSessionSource(provider, userId, session))
+					.then((session) => session.refreshSource(provider))
 					.catch(() => {
 						// Session creation itself failed — nothing to update.
 					}),
@@ -97,23 +97,6 @@ export class UserSessionManager {
 		await Promise.all(updates)
 	}
 
-	private async updateSessionSource(
-		provider: FeedSourceProvider,
-		userId: string,
-		session: UserSession,
-	): Promise<void> {
-		try {
-			const newSource = await provider.feedSourceForUser(userId)
-			session.replaceSource(provider.sourceId, newSource)
-		} catch (err) {
-			console.error(
-				`[UserSessionManager] replaceProvider("${provider.sourceId}") failed for user ${userId}:`,
-				err,
-			)
-			session.removeSource(provider.sourceId)
-		}
-	}
-
 	private async createSession(userId: string): Promise<UserSession> {
 		const results = await Promise.allSettled(
 			Array.from(this.providers.values()).map((p) => p.feedSourceForUser(userId)),
@@ -138,6 +121,6 @@ export class UserSessionManager {
 			console.error("[UserSessionManager] Feed source provider failed:", error)
 		}
 
-		return new UserSession(sources, this.feedEnhancer)
+		return new UserSession(userId, sources, this.feedEnhancer)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/apps/aelis-backend/src/session/user-session.test.ts b/apps/aelis-backend/src/session/user-session.test.ts
index 9918c33..25274d9 100644
--- a/apps/aelis-backend/src/session/user-session.test.ts
+++ b/apps/aelis-backend/src/session/user-session.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import type { ActionDefinition, ContextEntry, FeedItem, FeedSource } from "@aelis/core"
 
 import { LocationSource } from "@aelis/source-location"
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { describe, expect, spyOn, test } from "bun:test"
+
+import type { FeedSourceProvider } from "./feed-source-provider.ts"
 
 import { UserSession } from "./user-session.ts"
 
@@ -25,7 +27,10 @@ function createStubSource(id: string, items: FeedItem[] = []): FeedSource {
 
 describe("UserSession", () => {
 	test("registers sources and starts engine", async () => {
-		const session = new UserSession([createStubSource("test-a"), createStubSource("test-b")])
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [
+			createStubSource("test-a"),
+			createStubSource("test-b"),
+		])
 
 		const result = await session.engine.refresh()
 
@@ -34,7 +39,7 @@ describe("UserSession", () => {
 
 	test("getSource returns registered source", () => {
 		const location = new LocationSource()
-		const session = new UserSession([location])
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [location])
 
 		const result = session.getSource<LocationSource>("aelis.location")
 
@@ -42,13 +47,13 @@ describe("UserSession", () => {
 	})
 
 	test("getSource returns undefined for unknown source", () => {
-		const session = new UserSession([createStubSource("test")])
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [createStubSource("test")])
 
 		expect(session.getSource("unknown")).toBeUndefined()
 	})
 
 	test("destroy stops engine and clears sources", () => {
-		const session = new UserSession([createStubSource("test")])
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [createStubSource("test")])
 
 		session.destroy()
 
@@ -57,7 +62,7 @@ describe("UserSession", () => {
 
 	test("engine.executeAction routes to correct source", async () => {
 		const location = new LocationSource()
-		const session = new UserSession([location])
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [location])
 
 		await session.engine.executeAction("aelis.location", "update-location", {
 			lat: 51.5,
@@ -82,7 +87,7 @@ describe("UserSession.feed", () => {
 				data: { value: 42 },
 			},
 		]
-		const session = new UserSession([createStubSource("test", items)])
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [createStubSource("test", items)])
 
 		const result = await session.feed()
 
@@ -103,7 +108,7 @@ describe("UserSession.feed", () => {
 		const enhancer = async (feedItems: FeedItem[]) =>
 			feedItems.map((item) => ({ ...item, data: { ...item.data, enhanced: true } }))
 
-		const session = new UserSession([createStubSource("test", items)], enhancer)
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [createStubSource("test", items)], enhancer)
 
 		const result = await session.feed()
 
@@ -127,7 +132,7 @@ describe("UserSession.feed", () => {
 			return feedItems.map((item) => ({ ...item, data: { ...item.data, enhanced: true } }))
 		}
 
-		const session = new UserSession([createStubSource("test", items)], enhancer)
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [createStubSource("test", items)], enhancer)
 
 		const result1 = await session.feed()
 		expect(result1.items[0]!.data.enhanced).toBe(true)
@@ -162,7 +167,7 @@ describe("UserSession.feed", () => {
 			}))
 		}
 
-		const session = new UserSession([source], enhancer)
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [source], enhancer)
 
 		// First feed triggers refresh + enhancement
 		const result1 = await session.feed()
@@ -205,7 +210,7 @@ describe("UserSession.feed", () => {
 			throw new Error("enhancement exploded")
 		}
 
-		const session = new UserSession([createStubSource("test", items)], enhancer)
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [createStubSource("test", items)], enhancer)
 
 		const result = await session.feed()
 
@@ -237,7 +242,7 @@ describe("UserSession.replaceSource", () => {
 		]
 
 		const sourceA = createStubSource("test", itemsA)
-		const session = new UserSession([sourceA])
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [sourceA])
 
 		const result1 = await session.feed()
 		expect(result1.items).toHaveLength(1)
@@ -253,7 +258,7 @@ describe("UserSession.replaceSource", () => {
 
 	test("getSource returns new source after replace", () => {
 		const sourceA = createStubSource("test")
-		const session = new UserSession([sourceA])
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [sourceA])
 
 		const sourceB = createStubSource("test")
 		session.replaceSource("test", sourceB)
@@ -263,7 +268,7 @@ describe("UserSession.replaceSource", () => {
 	})
 
 	test("throws when replacing a source that is not registered", () => {
-		const session = new UserSession([createStubSource("test")])
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [createStubSource("test")])
 
 		expect(() => session.replaceSource("nonexistent", createStubSource("other"))).toThrow(
 			'Cannot replace source "nonexistent": not registered',
@@ -289,7 +294,7 @@ describe("UserSession.replaceSource", () => {
 				data: { from: "b" },
 			},
 		])
-		const session = new UserSession([sourceA, sourceB])
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [sourceA, sourceB])
 
 		const replacement = createStubSource("source-a", [
 			{
@@ -325,7 +330,7 @@ describe("UserSession.replaceSource", () => {
 			return feedItems.map((item) => ({ ...item, data: { ...item.data, enhanced: true } }))
 		}
 
-		const session = new UserSession([createStubSource("test", items)], enhancer)
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [createStubSource("test", items)], enhancer)
 
 		await session.feed()
 		expect(enhanceCount).toBe(1)
@@ -350,7 +355,10 @@ describe("UserSession.replaceSource", () => {
 
 describe("UserSession.removeSource", () => {
 	test("removes source from engine and sources map", () => {
-		const session = new UserSession([createStubSource("test-a"), createStubSource("test-b")])
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [
+			createStubSource("test-a"),
+			createStubSource("test-b"),
+		])
 
 		session.removeSource("test-a")
 
@@ -368,7 +376,7 @@ describe("UserSession.removeSource", () => {
 				data: {},
 			},
 		]
-		const session = new UserSession([createStubSource("test", items)])
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [createStubSource("test", items)])
 
 		const result1 = await session.feed()
 		expect(result1.items).toHaveLength(1)
@@ -380,9 +388,79 @@ describe("UserSession.removeSource", () => {
 	})
 
 	test("is a no-op for unknown source", () => {
-		const session = new UserSession([createStubSource("test")])
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [createStubSource("test")])
 
 		expect(() => session.removeSource("unknown")).not.toThrow()
 		expect(session.getSource("test")).toBeDefined()
 	})
 })
+
+describe("UserSession.refreshSource", () => {
+	test("replaces existing source via provider", async () => {
+		const itemsV1: FeedItem[] = [
+			{
+				id: "v1",
+				sourceId: "test",
+				type: "test",
+				timestamp: new Date(),
+				data: { version: 1 },
+			},
+		]
+		const itemsV2: FeedItem[] = [
+			{
+				id: "v2",
+				sourceId: "test",
+				type: "test",
+				timestamp: new Date(),
+				data: { version: 2 },
+			},
+		]
+
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [createStubSource("test", itemsV1)])
+
+		const provider: FeedSourceProvider = {
+			sourceId: "test",
+			async feedSourceForUser() {
+				return createStubSource("test", itemsV2)
+			},
+		}
+
+		await session.refreshSource(provider)
+
+		const result = await session.feed()
+		expect(result.items[0]!.data.version).toBe(2)
+	})
+
+	test("throws when source is not registered", async () => {
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [createStubSource("existing")])
+
+		const provider: FeedSourceProvider = {
+			sourceId: "new-source",
+			async feedSourceForUser() {
+				return createStubSource("new-source")
+			},
+		}
+
+		await expect(session.refreshSource(provider)).rejects.toThrow()
+	})
+
+	test("keeps existing source when provider fails", async () => {
+		const session = new UserSession("test-user", [createStubSource("test")])
+
+		const spy = spyOn(console, "error").mockImplementation(() => {})
+
+		const provider: FeedSourceProvider = {
+			sourceId: "test",
+			async feedSourceForUser() {
+				throw new Error("source disabled")
+			},
+		}
+
+		await session.refreshSource(provider)
+
+		expect(session.getSource("test")).toBeDefined()
+		expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalled()
+
+		spy.mockRestore()
+	})
+})
diff --git a/apps/aelis-backend/src/session/user-session.ts b/apps/aelis-backend/src/session/user-session.ts
index 3243876..a09a6ee 100644
--- a/apps/aelis-backend/src/session/user-session.ts
+++ b/apps/aelis-backend/src/session/user-session.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import { FeedEngine, type FeedItem, type FeedResult, type FeedSource } from "@aelis/core"
 
 import type { FeedEnhancer } from "../enhancement/enhance-feed.ts"
+import type { FeedSourceProvider } from "./feed-source-provider.ts"
 
 export class UserSession {
+	readonly userId: string
 	readonly engine: FeedEngine
 	private sources = new Map<string, FeedSource>()
 	private readonly enhancer: FeedEnhancer | null
@@ -12,7 +14,8 @@ export class UserSession {
 	private enhancingPromise: Promise<void> | null = null
 	private unsubscribe: (() => void) | null = null
 
-	constructor(sources: FeedSource[], enhancer?: FeedEnhancer | null) {
+	constructor(userId: string, sources: FeedSource[], enhancer?: FeedEnhancer | null) {
+		this.userId = userId
 		this.engine = new FeedEngine()
 		this.enhancer = enhancer ?? null
 		for (const source of sources) {
@@ -67,6 +70,27 @@ export class UserSession {
 		return this.sources.get(sourceId) as T | undefined
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Re-resolves a source from its provider using this session's userId.
+	 * The source must already be registered. Throws if it isn't.
+	 * If the provider fails, the existing source is kept.
+	 */
+	async refreshSource(provider: FeedSourceProvider): Promise<void> {
+		if (!this.sources.has(provider.sourceId)) {
+			throw new Error(`Cannot refresh source "${provider.sourceId}": not registered`)
+		}
+
+		try {
+			const newSource = await provider.feedSourceForUser(this.userId)
+			this.replaceSource(provider.sourceId, newSource)
+		} catch (err) {
+			console.error(
+				`[UserSession] refreshSource("${provider.sourceId}") failed for user ${this.userId}:`,
+				err,
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Replaces a source in the engine and invalidates all caches.
 	 * Stops and restarts the engine to re-establish reactive subscriptions.