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+---
+name: gpg-commit-signing
+description: Sign git commits with GPG in non-interactive environments. Use when committing code and the `GPG_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSPHRASE` environment variable is available. Triggers on "commit", "sign commit", "GPG", "git commit -S", or any git operation requiring signed commits.
+---
+
+# GPG Commit Signing
+
+Sign commits in headless/non-interactive environments where `/dev/tty` is unavailable.
+
+## Workflow
+
+1. Check whether `GPG_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSPHRASE` is set:
+
+   ```bash
+   test -n "$GPG_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSPHRASE" && echo "available" || echo "not set"
+   ```
+
+   If not set, skip signing — commit without `-S`.
+
+2. Try a direct signed commit first — the environment may already have loopback pinentry configured:
+
+   ```bash
+   git commit -S -m "message"
+   ```
+
+   If this succeeds, no further steps are needed.
+
+3. If step 2 fails with a `/dev/tty` error, use `--pinentry-mode loopback` via a wrapper script:
+
+   ```bash
+   printf '#!/bin/sh\ngpg --batch --pinentry-mode loopback --passphrase "$GPG_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSPHRASE" "$@"\n' > /tmp/gpg-sign.sh
+   chmod +x /tmp/gpg-sign.sh
+   git -c gpg.program=/tmp/gpg-sign.sh commit -S -m "message"
+   rm /tmp/gpg-sign.sh
+   ```
+
+   This passes the passphrase directly to gpg on each signing invocation, bypassing the need for a configured gpg-agent.
+
+## Anti-patterns
+
+- Do not echo or log `GPG_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSPHRASE`.
+- Do not commit without `-S` when the passphrase is available — the project expects signed commits.
+- Do not leave wrapper scripts on disk after committing.